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P >4X` hp x (#>  8.` hp x (#8XXXS\  `&Times New RomanS%2A`Arial& $!XXX?#%2A`Arial? P >4X` hp x (#>  8.` hp x (#8XXXS\  `&Times New RomanS2Xl 0Style01XXX?#%2A`Arial?XXXS\  `&Times New RomanS0A .Footer (#A7X` hp x (#A6 4Body Text  &&&?#%2A`Arial?  D:` " hp x (#D    kaX` hp x (#kXXXS\  `&Times New RomanS2  0Level 1    4 2Quick I.  ?#%2A`Arial? P 5+ ` hp x (#5   _UX` hp x (#_S\  `&Times New RomanS4 2Quick A.  ?#%2A`Arial? P 5+ ` hp x (#5   _UX` hp x (#_S\  `&Times New RomanS4 2Quick 1.  ?#%2A`Arial? P 5+ ` hp x (#5   _UX` hp x (#_S\  `&Times New RomanS:8Page Number0?S .style0?#%2A`Arial?S\  `&Times New RomanS0A .Header (#A7X` hp x (#A64Hyperlink    < :Footnote TexXXX<:Footnote Ref.,TOC 1<:FollowedHype     57 6L]'..      _X7XX_XX7XX_X7   @ N:` " hp x (#XN(2L]$ ]!..      _X#XX_XX#XX_X#   8L])..      _X7XX_XX7XX_X7  _&$ (#X$  &  (2L]$ ]!..      _X#XX_XX#XX_X#  _Toc117068240_Toc117068241<=>?@($0 ($0 0 (($0 0 0 (2$0 0 0 0 (<$0 0 0 0 0 _Toc117068240_Toc117068240_Toc117068241_Toc117068241_Toc117068242_Toc117068242_Toc117068243_Toc117068243_Toc117068244_Toc117068244_Toc117068245_Toc117068245_Toc117068246_Toc117068246_Toc117068242_Toc1170682437\  `.Times New Roman TUR(2AArialBold_Toc117068244_Toc117068245_Toc117068246 359=AEIMQ1 o o oV (\ Y`Symbol(359=AEIMQ2 Y #|x(O$(r$..      _X#XX_XX#XX_X#HP LaserJet 5Si Mopier,,,,0(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular_XͥZ3 :b3n_npJU3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)ii)"Arial Regular ]!..      _X7XX_XX7XX_X7  _       4XXXX&:%XX7#&H%%&:  8kHk%%dd8  #  y%#&H MANUALOFCLASSIFICATION J FOR  V AGRICULTURALANDFORESTRY   RESEARCH,EDUCATION,ANDEXTENSION#&H%#  y  v  #XX%#&H RevisionVII N #X#X Classificationsusedinthe L CurrentResearchInformationSystem X Issuedby T U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture l CooperativeStateResearch,Education,andExtensionService x InformationSystemsandTechnologyManagement   #&H%##%#&HOctober2005  +(( 4 457 4  INTRODUCTIONB  ԍ% 9 % 9 Ԏ  ԍINTRODUCTION  xC  #&H%#    TheManualofClassificationforAgriculturalandForestryResearch,Education,andExtension b istheauthorityforclassifyingresearch,education,andextensionactivitiesintheCurrent 5 ResearchInformationSystem(CRIS).ItisspecificallyintendedforuseinpreparingFormAD  X 417,ResearchWorkUnit/ProjectDescription,theclassificationcodesheetsubmittedoneach  + workunitdocumentedinCRIS.   Thecurrentversionoftheclassificationmanual,VersionVII,maintainsthethreedimensional T   classificationscheme,butoneofthecategorieshasundergoneamajorchange.Research ' w  ProblemAreahasbeenrenamedKnowledgeArea.ThenewKnowledgeAreashavemodifiedor  J  expandeddefinitions,additionalcodes,andotherenhancementstoaccommodatethebroad   focusofresearch,highereducation,andextensionworksponsoredbytheCooperativeState   Research,Education,andExtensionService,theagencythatmaintainstheCurrentResearch s  InformationSystem.ThischangetoKnowledgeAreaisconsistentwiththe_CSREES_Ԁmissionto F  advanceknowledgeforagriculture,theenvironment,humanhealthandwellbeing,and i  communities. < TheSubjectofInvestigationandFieldofSciencecategoriesremainunchangedfromVersion  VI.  e ;     #%#&H CONTENTSB  #XX##XXX#X % : % : Ԏ  ԍCONTENTS  C  -    2    $2 (#X$2@   /  2@ ݌̌  2  2   #+ X#X2 ݌̌  2  2{  / ]  4A \O  5  INTRODUCTION#XX #+ o o C . 6\O]  7 o -4B o \O  5  ii6\O]  7 ,/  /]  2{݌ a Ќ  2  2-  /  /g]  4C \O  5  #+ X#X CONTENTS#XX #+ C C B .AA6\O]  7 C 4D C \O  5  iii6\O]  7 '/  /]  2-H݌ G Ќ  2  2)  /  /c]  4E \O  5  #+ X#X SECTION1.TOPICAREA#XX #+ X X D . 6\O]  7 X 4F X \O  5  16\O]  7 1/  /]  2)D݌ - } Ќ  2  21  /  /k]  4G \O  5  #+ X#X SECTION2.KNOWLEDGEAREA#XX #+ X X D .$6\O]  7 X 4H X \O  5  26\O]  7 =/  /]  21L݌  c Ќ  2  2=  /  /w]  4I \O  5  #+ X#X SECTION3.SUBJECTOFINVESTIGATION#XX #+ X X D ..6\O]  7 X 4J X \O  5  66\O%]  7 S/  /]  2=X݌  I Ќ  2  2S  /  /]  4K \O  5  #+ X#X SECTION4.FIELDOFSCIENCE#XX #+ C .&6\O]  7 34L \O  5  166\O3]  7 a/  /]  2Sn݌  / Ќ  2  2b   /  / /  4Mݰ\O  5  #+ X#X SECTION5.KNOWLEDGEAREADESCRIPTION#XX #+ C .06!\O!/  7B!4N\O  5  1868"\OL"/  7 z"/  /"/  2b } ݌    Ќ  A   H.` hp x (#2 (#HX7XX#X     _I XX7# I SECTION1.TOPICAREAB  ԍ% O % O Ԏ  ԍSECTION1.TOPICAREA ݿ$C    #XX#)  #XXX#X PB+ ` hp x (#X(#B   XP    E.` hp x (#` XE)8%  I.  NATURALRESOURCESANDENVIRONMENT)8%G&݌  Ќ  X' X(#X(#'#XXX#X  X(_KAs_Ԁ101141) n  X  XH1` hp x (#X(#HII.  PLANTSANDTHEIRSYSTEMS :   X XN1` hp x (#X(#N(_KAs_Ԁ201216)  p  X  XH.` hp x (#X(#HIII.  ANIMALSANDTHEIRSYSTEMS  <   X XK1` hp x (#X(#K(_KAs_Ԁ301315)  "   X  XH.` hp x (#X(#HIV.  AGRICULTURAL,NATURALRESOURCE,ANDBIOLOGICALENGINEERING    X XK1` hp x (#X(#K(_KAs_Ԁ401405)    j  *  #XXX#X PE+ ` hp x (#X(#E  X XP  E.` hp x (#` XE*+  V.  FOODANDNONFOODPRODUCTS:DEVELOPMENT,PROCESSING, P  QUALITY,ANDDELIVERY*+,݌ 6 Ќ  X*X(#X(#*#XXX#X  X(_KAs_Ԁ501512) l  X  XH.` hp x (#X(#HVI.  ECONOMICS,MARKETS,ANDPOLICY 8  X XH1` hp x (#XH(_KAs_Ԁ601611)   X  XH.` hp x (#X(#HVII.  HUMANNUTRITION,FOODSAFETY,ANDHUMANHEALTHAND    WELLBEING@-   X XK1` hp x (#X(#K(_KAs_Ԁ701724) f  X  XH.` hp x (#X(#HVIII.  FAMILIES,YOUTH,ANDCOMMUNITIES 2  X XK1` hp x (#X(#K(_KAs_Ԁ801806) h  X  XH.` hp x (#X(#HIX.  PROGRAMANDPROJECTSUPPORT,ANDADMINISTRATION, 4 EDUCATION,ANDCOMMUNICATION   X XK1` hp x (#X(#K(_KAs_Ԁ901903)#X#X    !   "!  `  #"   SECTION2.KNOWLEDGEAREAB  ԍ% P % P Ԏ  ԍSECTION2.KNOWLEDGEAREA 5C     XQ7,X hp x (#X(#Q#XX#  e]7 ,X  hp x (#,X X]    TOPICI.NATURALRESOURCESANDENVIRONMENT#&H%X#X    eZ7,X hp x (# ,XX  XZSOIL A  ]7 hp x (#,X X] 101.  AppraisalofSoilResources#XX%#&H  7 +  #XXX#X PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+?8  #&H%X#X102.#XX%#&HQX7XX#X   Q&:%XQX7#&H%%Q&: Soil,Plant,Water,NutrientRelationships+?8]9݌   Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+;  103.  ManagementofSalineandSodicSoilsandSalinity+;!<݌    Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+;=  104.  ProtectSoilfromHarmfulEffectsofNaturalElements +;=K>݌ `   Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  ]4 / *2: "(#  X(#]WATER  V  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  / X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+?  111.  ConservationandEfficientUseofWater+?A݌   Ќ   H  / X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  / X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+$B  112.  WatershedProtectionandManagement +$B4C݌   Ќ   H  / X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  Z1  <7?G"(#  / X(#ZFORESTANDRANGERESOURCES  %u    W. IDL!(#   <X(#W121.ManagementofRangeResources  122.ManagementandControlofForestandRangeFires  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  IX(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+E  123.  ManagementandSustainabilityofForestResources+EF݌ q Ќ    H  IX(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  IX(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+H  124.  UrbanForestry+HI݌ D Ќ    H  IX(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  IX(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+J  125.  Agroforestry +JK݌ g Ќ    H  IX(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H    `7 hp x (#  IX(#`NATURALRESOURCES,GENERAL    +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+L  131.  AlternativeUsesofLand+LM݌ c Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+N  132.  WeatherandClimate+NO݌ 6 Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+P  133.  PollutionPreventionandMitigation+PQ݌  Y Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+S  134.  OutdoorRecreation+ST݌ , Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+U  135.  AquaticandTerrestrialWildlife+U"V݌  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN++W  136.  ConservationofBiologicalDiversity++W;X݌   Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+HY  +HYXZ݌ U ! Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+4[  AIR+4[D\݌ (!x" Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+#]  +#]3^݌ !K# Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+ _  141.  AirResourceProtectionandManagement+ _`݌ "$ Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H   e`7   hp x (#  X(#`  #%  t$& #XX%#&HTOPICII.PLANTSANDTHEIRSYSTEMS  G% '   e`7 hp x (#   X(#`#&H%X#X PLANTPRODUCTION  'P") +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+b  201.  PlantGenome,Genetics,andGeneticMechanisms+bd݌ (#+ Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN++e  202.  PlantGeneticResources++e;f݌ y)$, Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  #&H%X#X ANIMALPRODUCTION    +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+|  301.  ReproductivePerformanceofAnimals+|~݌ M  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  302.  NutrientUtilizationinAnimals+݌  p  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+'  303.  GeneticImprovementofAnimals+'7݌ C  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+>  304.  AnimalGenome+>N݌  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+D  305.  AnimalPhysiologicalProcesses+DT݌  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+[  306.  EnvironmentalStressinAnimals+[k݌ l Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  Q: hp x (#` XQ+s  307.  AnimalManagementSystems+s݌ ? Ќ   K  X(#  X(#K#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  Q: hp x (#` XQ+  308.  ImprovedAnimalProducts(BeforeHarvest)+݌ b Ќ   K  X(#  X(#K#&H%%#&H  N%  7pk!(#  X(#N ANIMALPROTECTION   +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  7pX(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+=  311.  AnimalDiseases+=[݌ ^ Ќ   H  7pX(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  7pX(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+S  312.  ExternalParasitesandPestsofAnimals+Sc݌ 1 Ќ   H  7pX(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  7pX(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+s  313.  InternalParasitesinAnimals+s݌ T Ќ   H  7pX(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  7pX(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  314.  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DrainageandIrrigationSystemsandFacilities##XX%#&HX#+݌ %1!( Ќ   9X(#  X(#9#XXX#X  +  #XXX#X PE+ ` hp x (#X(#E   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  +݌ &") Ќ   9X(#  X(#9#XXX#X  +  #XXX#X PE+ ` hp x (#X(#E   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+Q  +QR݌ '"* Ќ   9X(#  X(#9#XXX#X  +  #XXX#X PE+ ` hp x (#X(#E   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  TOPICV.FOODANDNONFOODPRODUCTS:DEVELOPMENT,+݌ (#+ Ќ   9X(#  X(#9#XXX#X  +  #XXX#X PE+ ` hp x (#X(#E   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  ݀PROCESSING,QUALITY,ANDDELIVERY+݌ f)$, Ќ   9X(#  X(#9#XXX#X  Q7 hp x (#X(#Q#&H%X#XFOOD +o&. +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  501.  NewandImprovedFoodProcessingTechnologies+Ϯ݌ ,(0 Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  502.  NewandImprovedFoodProducts+݌ -(1 Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  503.  QualityMaintenanceinStoringandMarketingFoodProducts+݌  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+A  504.  HomeandCommercialFoodService+AQ݌  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H   Z1  <7?G"(#  X(#ZNONFOOD )y +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#   <X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  511.  NewandImprovedNonFoodProductsandProcesses+݌  Ќ   H   <X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#   <X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+$  512.  QualityMaintenanceinStoringandMarketingNonFoodProducts+$4݌   Ќ   H   <X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H   e`7   hp x (#   <X(#` u   H  #XX%#&HTOPICVI.ECONOMICS,MARKETS,ANDPOLICY  k    e`7 hp x (#   X(#`#&H%X#X   `7 hp x (#  X(#` 601.  EconomicsofAgriculturalProductionandFarmManagement  $  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+ܽ  602.  BusinessManagement,Finance,andTaxation+ܽ݌   Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  603.  MarketEconomics+݌ z  Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  604.  MarketingandDistributionPractices+݌ M  Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+%  605.  NaturalResourceandEnvironmentalEconomics+%5݌  p  Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+J  606.  InternationalTradeandDevelopment+JZ݌ C  Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+g  607.  ConsumerEconomics+gw݌  Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+r  608.  CommunityResourcePlanning andDevelopment+r݌  Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  609.  EconomicTheoryandMethods+݌ l Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  610.  DomesticPolicyAnalysis+݌ ? Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H P T+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  611.  ForeignPolicyandPrograms+݌ b Ќ    H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H   e   `7   hp x (#  X(#`  5   #XX%#&H  TOPICVII.HUMANNUTRITION,FOODSAFETY,ANDHUMANHEALTHAND  ЀWELLBEING#&H%X#X q   e`7 hp x (#   X(#`HUMANNUTRITION  *z +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  701.  NutrientCompositionofFood+݌   Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+#  702.  RequirementsandFunctionofNutrientsandOtherFoodComponents+#3݌  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+\  703.  NutritionEducationandBehavior+\l݌ v Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+u  704.  NutritionandHungerinthePopulation+u݌ I  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  ]4 / *2: "(#  X(#] FOODSAFETY   ?" +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  / X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+'  711.  EnsureFoodProductsFreeofHarmfulChemicals,IncludingResiduesfromAgricultural "$ andOtherSources+'E݌ h#% Ќ   H  / X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  / X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  712.  ProtectFoodfromContaminationbyPathogenicMicroorganisms,Parasites,and ;$& NaturallyOccurringToxins+݌ %^ ' Ќ   H  / X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  Z1  <7?G"(#  / X(#Z HUMANHEALTH  &") +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#   <X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  721.  InsectsandOtherPestsAffectingHumans+݌ Z(#+ Ќ   H   <X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#   <X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  722.  _Zoonotic_ԀDiseasesandParasitesAffectingHumans+݌ -)}$, Ќ   H   <X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#   <X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+%  723.  HazardstoHumanHealthandSafety+%5݌ *P%- Ќ   H   <X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#   <X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+@  724.  HealthyLifestyle+@P݌ *#&. Ќ   H   <X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H   e`7   hp x (#   <X(#`  +&/   y,'0 #XX%#&HTOPICVIII.RXXX#XFAMILIES,YOUTH,ANDCOMMUNITIES#XXXRX     e`7 hp x (#   X(#`#&H%X#X+  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+1  801.  Individualand  FamilyResourceManagement+1O݌ i Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+m  802.  HumanDevelopmentandFamilyWellBeing+m}݌ < Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  803.  SociologicalandTechnologicalChangeAffectingIndividuals,Families,andCommunities+݌ _ Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  804.  HumanEnvironmentalIssuesConcerningApparel,Textiles,andResidentialand 2 CommercialStructures+݌   Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+K  805.  CommunityInstitutions,Health,andSocialServices+K[݌   Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+w  806.  YouthDevelopment+w݌ [  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H   e`7   hp x (#  X(#`  . ~    Q  #XX%#&HTOPICIX.PROGRAMANDPROJECTSUPPORT,ADMINISTRATION,AND  $  ЀCOMMUNICATION#&H%X#X      e`7 hp x (#   X(#`+  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T    P  N7 hp x (#` XN+m  901.  ProgramandProjectDesign,andStatistics+m݌ s  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  902.  AdministrationofProjectsandPrograms+݌ F  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  +  #&H%%#&H PT+ ` hp x (#  X(#T   P  N7 hp x (#` XN+  903.  Communication,Education,andInformationDelivery+݌ i  Ќ   H  X(#  X(#H#&H%%#&H  W.` hp x (#  X(#W  <     #%#&HSECTION3.SUBJECTOFINVESTIGATIONB  ԍ% S % S Ԏ  ԍSECTION3.SUBJECTOFINVESTIGATION C  #&H%#Ԁ      _#XX%#&HNATURALRESOURCESANDTHEIRPRODUCTS b  #&H%X#X Code  Subject . ~  ̀  SoilandLand  $  0110  Soil z   0120  Land M   0199  Soilandland,general  p     Water    0210  Waterresources l     WatershedsandRiverBasins b  0310  Riverbasins  0320  Watersheds  0330  Wetlandandripariansystems ^ 0399  Watershedsandriverbasins,general 1    Atmosphere '  0410  Air } 0420  Weather P 0430  Climate #s 0440  Solarradiation F 0499  Atmosphere,general/other     RecreationalResources o   0510  Wilderness !e" 0520  Campgroundsandpicnicareas !8# 0530  Parksandurbangreenspace " $ 0599  Recreationalresources,general/other #%    Trees,Forests,andForestProducts(excludingedibletreenutcrops) 4% '  0610  ConiferforestsoftheNorth &*") 0611  ConiferforestsoftheSouth '"* 0612  ConiferforestsoftheWest (#+ 0613  Mixedconiferbroadleafforests S)$, 0620  BroadleafforestsoftheNorth &*v%- 0621  BroadleafforestsoftheSouth *I&. 0622  BroadleafforestsoftheWest +'/ 0630  Chaparralandshrublands ,'0 0640  Tropicalforests r-(1 0650  Woodandwoodproducts  0660  Paperandpulpderivedproducts  0670  Shortrotationwoodycrops,includingholidaytrees V 0680  Otherproductsoftheforest )y 0699  Trees,forests,andforestproducts,general L    RangelandsandGrasslands    0710  Desertandsemidesertshrublandand_shinnery_ H  0720  Pinyonjuniper  k  0730  Mountaingrasslands,meadow,andalpine  >  0780  Grasslands,other    0790  Rangelands,other   0799  Rangelandsandgrasslands,general g    WildlifeandNaturalFisheriesManagement,EndangeredSpecies  ]  <% hp x (#X(#<   K.` hp x (#hX(#K0810  _Finfish_  0811  Shellfish  0812  Fishhabitats Y 0819  Naturalfisheries,other ,| 0820  Wildbirds O 0830  Wildanimals " 0840  Furbearinganimals  0850  Wildlifehabitats x 0860  Endangeredspecies K 0899  Wildlifeandnaturalfisheries,general/other n #XX%#&H PLANTSANDTHEIRPRODUCTS '  󀀀   #&H%X#X Code  Subject     Citrus I   0910  Grapefruit  ?" 0920  Orange !# 0930  Lemon "$ 0999  Citrus,general/other h#%    Tropical/SubtropicalFruit %^ '  1010  Banana &") 1020  Pineapple '"* 1030  Papaya Z(#+ 1040  Mango -)}$, 1050  Date *P%- 1060  Kiwi *#&. 1099  Tropical/subtropicalfruit,general/other +&/   y,'0   DeciduousandSmallFruits  B+  hp x (#X(#B  K.` hp x (# X(#K1110  Apple V 1111  Apricot )y 1112  Cherry L 1113  Nectarine  1114  Peach   1115  Pear u  1116  Plum H  1119  Deciduoustreefruits,general/other  k  1120  Blueberry  >  1121  Cranberry    1122  Strawberry   1123  Raspberry g  1129  Berriesandcanefruits,general/other :  1130  Tablegrapes  ]  1131  Winegrapes 0  1132  Raisingrapes  1139  Grapes,general/other  1199  Deciduousandsmallfruits,general/other Y   EdibleTreeNuts O ?(  hp x (#X(#?  K.` hp x (# X(#K1210  Filbert  1211  Pecan x 1212  Almond K 1213  Walnut n 1219  Edibletreenuts,general/other A 1310  Potato     Vegetables =  1410  Beans(dry) 3! 1411  Beans(fresh,freshprocessed)  " 1412  Peas(dry) !# 1413  Peas(fresh,freshprocessed) \"$ 1414  Lentil /#% 1419  Leguminousvegetables,general/other $R& 1420  Melons(includescantaloupe,muskmelon,watermelon) $% ' 1421  Cucumber % ( 1429  _Cucurbits_,other(includespumpkin,squash,gourd) {&!) 1430  Greensandleafyvegetables(includesendive,lettuce,spinach,turnip N'"*   greens,celery,rhubarb,parsley,asparagus) !(q#+ 1440  Colecrops(includescabbage,kale,broccoli,brusselssprouts,cauliflower, (D$,   kohlrabi) )%- 1450  Sweetpotato *%. 1451  Onion,garlic,leek,shallot m+&/ 1452  Carrot @,'0 1453  Yam -c(1 1454  Taro -6)2 1455  Cassava(ormanioc)  1459  Rhizomes,tubers,bulbs,androotcrops,general/other(forpotatouse    1310) V 1460  Tomato )y 1461  Peppers L 1462  Eggplant  1469  Solanaceousandrelatedcrops,general/other(forpotatouse1310)   1470  Mushroomsandotherediblefungi u  1480  _Sweetcorn_ H  1499  Vegetables,general/other  k  ̀  GrainCrops     1510  Corn(for_sweetcorn_Ԁuse1480) g  1511  Popcorn :  1520  Grainsorghum  ]  1530  Rice 0  1540  Hardredwinterwheat  1541  Hardredspringwheat  1542  Softredwheat Y 1543  Softwhitewheat(includesclub,western) ,| 1544  Hardwhitewheat O 1545  Durumwheat " 1549  Wheat,general/other  1550  Barley x 1560  Oats K 1570  Rye n 1599  Graincrops,general/other(includesbuckwheat,millet,_triticale_) A   PastureandForageCrops   1610  Pasture = 1620  Warmseasonperennialgrasses(includesdallisgrass,bluestems, `    _bermudagrass_) 3! 1621  Coolseasonperennialgrasses(includesbluegrass,bromegrass,fescue,  "   _orchardgrass_,perennialryegrass,timothy,wheatgrass) !# 1629  Perennialgrasses,other \"$ 1630  Summerannualgrasses(includesforagesorghums,_sudangrass_,  sorghum /#%   _sudangrass_Ԁhybrids) $R& 1631  Winterannualgrasses(includesannualryegrass) $% ' 1639  Annualgrasses,other % ( 1640  Alfalfa {&!) 1641  Trefoil N'"* 1642  Redclover !(q#+ 1643  _Crownvetch_ (D$, 1644  Winterannuallegumes(includessubterraneanclover,arrowleafclover) )%- 1649  Foragelegumes,general/other *%. 1699  Pastureandforagecrops,general/other m+&/    -c(1   FiberCrops   1710  Uplandcotton V 1711  Longfibercotton )y 1719  Cotton,other L 1720  Kenaf  1730  Hemp   1740  Ramie u  1750  Agave H  1799  Fibercrops,general/other  k    OilseedandOilCrops     1810  Cottonseed(formeal,oil,etc.) g  1820  Soybean :  1830  Peanut  ]  1840  Castor 0  1841  Crambe  1842  Flax  1843  Safflower Y 1844  Sunflower ,| 1845  _Jojoba_ O 1846  Coconut " 1847  Palm  1848  _Canola_ x 1849  _Cuphea_ K 1850  Lesquerella n 1851  _Meadowfoam_ A 1852  Rape  1853  Sesame  1854  Chinesetallow j 1855  Tung = 1899  Oilseedandoilcrops,general/other `    Tobacco  "  1910  Fluecuredtobacco \"$ 1920  Burleytobacco /#% 1930  Cigartypetobacco $R& 1999  Tobacco,general/other $% '   SugarCrops {&!)  2010  Sugarbeet !(q#+ 2020  Sugarcane (D$, 2030  Sweetsorghum )%- 2099  Sugarcrops,general/other *%.   OrnamentalsandTurf @,'0  2110  Ornamentaltreesandshrubs -6)2 2120  Herbaceousperennialsanddecorativegreens  2121  Cutflowers,foliage,andgreens  2122  Pottedplants V 2123  Bedding/gardenplants )y 2129  Floristcrops,other L 2130  Turf(includesbentgrass,_bermudagrass_,bluegrass,dichondra,fescue,ryegrass,    zoysia)   2140  Groundcovers u  2150  Aquaticplants H  2160  Arboretaandbotanicalgardens  k  2199  Ornamentalsandturf,general/other(includescacti)  >    MiscellaneousandNewCrops    2210  Chemurgiccrops :  2220  Medicinalcrops,nonnarcotic  ]  2221  Narcoticplants 0  2230  Hops  2231  Mint  2232  Coffee Y 2233  Cocoa ,| 2234  Tea O 2235  Herbsandspices " 2239  Flavoringandbeverageplants,general/other  2240  Guayule x 2241  Hevea K 2242  Gums n 2249  Rubber,gum,andresinplants,general/other A 2299  Miscellaneousandnewcrops,general/other  2300  Weeds  j   Plants `   2410  Crosscommodityresearchmultiplecrops  " 2420  _Noncrop_Ԁplantresearch !# 2499  Plantresearch,general \"$ <% )hp x (#X(#<#XX%#&H ) K.` hp x (#)hX(#K ANIMALS,INCLUDINGINVERTEBRATES,ANDTHEIRPRODUCTS $e&  #&H%X#X Code  Subject %1!(    Bees,Honey,andOtherPollinators '"*  3010  Honeybees -)}$, 3020  Honeyandhoneyproducts *P%- 3030  Nonhoneyapiaryproducts *#&. 3090  OtherPollinators +&/ 3099  Bees,honey,andotherpollinators,general y,'0  L-(1   Invertebrates   3110  Insects V 3120  Spiders,mites,ticks,andotherarthropods )y 3130  Nematodes L 3199  Invertebrates,general/other    Poultry u   3210  Eggtypechicken,liveanimal  k  3220  Meattypechicken,liveanimal  >  3230  Turkey,liveanimal    3240  Duckandgoose,liveanimal   3250  _Ratites_Ԁ(e.g.,ostrich,emu,rhea),liveanimal g  3260  Poultrymeat :  3270  Eggs  ]  3280  Otherpoultryproducts 0  3299  Poultry,general/other  E.` A hp x (#X(#E  BeefCattle A  Y N.` hp x (#XA X(#N 3310  Beefcattle,liveanimal O 3320  Meat,beefcattle " 3330  Otherbeefcattleproducts  3399  Beefcattle,general/other x   DairyCattle n  3410  Dairycattle,liveanimal  3420  Butter  3430  Cheese j 3440  Meat,dairycattle = 3450  Milk `  3460  Icecream 3! 3470  Otherdairycattleproducts  " 3499  Dairycattle,general/other !#   Swine /#%  3510  Swine,liveanimal $% ' 3520  Meat,swine % ( 3530  Otherswineproducts {&!) 3599  Swine,general/other N'"*   SheepandWool (D$,  3610  Sheep,liveanimal *%. 3620  Meat,sheep m+&/ 3630  Woolfiber @,'0 3699  Sheepandwool,general/other -c(1  -6)2   CulturedAquaticAnimals   3710  Catfish V 3711  Trout )y 3712  Salmon L 3713  Stripedbass  3714  Tilapia   3715  _Baitfish_Ԁ(minnowsandshiners) u  3716  Ornamental_finfish_ H  3719  Othercultured_finfish_  k  3720  Crawfish  >  3721  Marineshrimp    3722  Freshwatershrimp   3723  Oysters g  3724  Clamsandmussels :  3725  Ornamentalshellfish  ]  3729  Otherculturedshellfish 0  3799Culturedaquaticanimals,general/other    OtherAnimals Y  3810  Horses,ponies,andmules O 3820  Goats,meatandmohair " 3830  Pets(companionanimals)  3840  Laboratoryanimals x 3899  Otheranimals,general K   Animals A  3910  Crosscommodityresearchmultipleanimalspecies  3999  Animalresearch,general#XX%#&H j  MICROORGANISMS #s   #&H%X#X Code  Subject  ?"  4010  Bacteria "$ 4020  Fungi(includesyeast) h#% 4030  Viruses ;$& 4040  _Viroids_,mycoplasmas,_spiroplasmas_,etc. %^ ' 4050  Protozoa %1!( 4099  Microorganisms,general/other &") #XX%#&H FOODANDMANUFACTUREDRESOURCES m(#+  #&H%X#X Code  Subject 9*%-  5010  Food (notreadilyassociatedwithspecificplantandanimalproducts) +/'/     -(1   ClothingandTextiles  B+ G hp x (#X(#B  G K.` hp x (#G X(#K5110  Clothing/apparel V 5120  Textiles )y 5199  Clothingandtextiles,general L    AgriculturalSupplies    5210  Fertilizers H  5220  Pesticides(includesherbicides,insecticides,fungicides,etc.)  k  5230  Feedandfeedadditives  >  5240  Seedsandotherplant_propagules_    5299  Agriculturalsupplies,general/other     Structures,Facilities,andEquipment :   5310  Machineryandequipment 0  5320  Houses(humanresidences),furniture,householdequipment,nontextile    furnishings  5330  Farmstructuresandrelatedfacilities Y 5340  _Nonfarm_Ԁstructuresandrelatedfacilities,includingthoseusedinmarketing, ,|   storing,processing,anddistributingfunctions,andforrecreationaluses O 5350  Domesticandcommunitywatersupplyfacilitiesandsystems " 5360  Drainageandirrigationfacilitiesandsystems  5370  Sewageandwastedisposalfacilitiesandsystems x 5399  Structures,facilities,andequipment,general/other K #XX%#&H HUMANRESOURCES,ORGANIZATIONS,ANDINSTITUTIONS T <% thp x (#X(#<  t K.` hp x (#thX(#K#&H%X#X Code  Subject      PeopleandCommunities v  6010  Individuals(asworkers,consumers,membersofsociety)  l! 6020  Thefamilyanditsmembers  ?" 6030  Thefarmasanenterprise !# 6040  Realestate "$ 6050  Communities,areas,andregions,includingstatesandtheirinstitutionsand h#%   organizations ;$& 6099  Peopleandcommunities,general/other %^ '   Economy &")  6110  EconomyoftheUnitedStatesandsectorsthereof Z(#+ 6120  Internationaleconomyandsectorsthereof -)}$, 6199  Economy,general/other *P%-    +&/   Marketing   6210  Farmercooperatives V 6220  Marketing,processing,andsupplyfirmsotherthancooperatives )y 6230  Marketingsystemsandsectorsthereof L 6299  Marketing,general/other#XX%#&H   OTHERTECHNOLOGIES   #&H%X#X (Usethefollowingclassificationsonlyiftheresearchisnottargetedatoneormorepreviously T   listedspecificsubjectsofinvestigation) ' w   Code  Subject    7010  BiologicalCellSystems  s  7110  Researchonresearchmanagement (notresearchmanagementperse) i    ResearchEquipmentandMethods   7210  Remotesensingequipmentandtechnology e 7220  Sensoryevaluation/analysismethods(humansenses) 8 7299  Researchequipmentandmethods,general/other  [ 7310  Experimentaldesignandstatisticalmethods   7410  Generaltechnology#XX%#&H  W   #&H%X#X  *z #%#&HSECTION4.FIELDOFSCIENCEB  ԍ% T % T Ԏ  ԍSECTION4.FIELDOFSCIENCE OT/fC  #&H%#Ԁ_#XX%#&HX7XX#X     &:%XX7#&H%%&: Code  Subject     Biological H    k 1000  Biochemistryandbiophysics  > 1010  Nutritionandmetabolism   1020  Physiology   1030  Cellularbiology g   1040  Molecularbiology :   1050  Developmentalbiology  ]  1060  Biology(wholesystems) 0  1070  Ecology   1080  Genetics(includesbreeding)   1090  Immunology Y  1100  Bacteriology ,|  1101  Virology O 1102  Mycology " 1103  Othermicrobiology(includesprotozoology,_phycology_,etc.)  1110  Parasitology x 1120  _Nematology_ K 1130  Entomologyand_acarology_ n 1140  Weedscience A 1150  Toxicology  1160  Pathology  1170  Epidemiology j 1180  Pharmacology = 1190  Limnology `   Physical   2000  Chemistry \  2010  Physics / ! 2020  Engineering !R" 2030  Geology !%# 2040  Mineralogy "$ 2050  Hydrology {#% 2060  Geography N$& 2061  _Pedology_ !%q ' 2070  Meteorologyandclimatology %D!( 2080  Mathematicsandcomputersciences &") 2090  Statistics,econometrics,and_biometrics_  '"*   SocialandBehavioral   3000  Anthropology V 3010  Economics )y 3020  Education L 3030  Informationandcommunication  3040  History   3050  Law u  3060  Politicalscience H  3070  Psychology  k  3080  Sociology  >  3090  Sensoryscience(humansenses)    3100  Management   3110  Artandarchitecture g  3111  Landscapearchitecture  :      #%#&HSECTION5.KNOWLEDGEAREADESCRIPTIONB  ԍ% U % U Ԏ  ԍSECTION5.KNOWLEDGEAREADESCRIPTION OTsC  #&H%#    #XX%#&H TOPICI.NATURALRESOURCESANDENVIRONMENT  b #&H%X#X SOIL   k  KA101.AppraisalofSoilResources      Workinsupportofsoilmappingisconcernedwithidentifyingtheimportantsoilparametersfor g   useincropproduction,sitespecificmanagement,forestandrangeresourceevaluation, :   housingdevelopments,zoning,wastemanagement,environmentalurbanplanning,andother  ]  landuses.Soilsurveyscanalsobeusedtoshowsoilcharacteristicssuchasspatialand 0  temporalvariability,susceptibilitytofrostheaveorslippage,depthtowatertable,depthtorock   orotherimpermeablebarriers,bearingstrength,floodhazard,andsoilerosionpotentialthat   affectsuitabilityofasiteforspecificuses. Y  Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: O  V (03i""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H?x2 3      #&H%%X&Physical,chemical,mechanical,andbiologicalcharacteristicsofsoilsneededinsoil  classificationandmanagement?xQy݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hz2 3      #&H%%X&Identificationofsoiltypesandtheirsuitabilityforspecificusesz{݌ X Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H|2 3      #&H%%X&Appraisalofhowsoilsbehaveunderdifferentlevelsofmanagementandusesuchas 8 cropproduction,logging,grazing,waterutilizationandyield,andotheragricultural, h forestry,wastedisposal,andnonagriculturaluses|}݌ ; Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Soilresourcedescriptionandinventory,includingtheirspatialandtemporalvariabilityҀ݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Useofgeographicinformationsystemsandremotesensingtechnologies. ݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$           B  Exclude: Bi݌ Q Ќ         ք   ք݌̌   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HM2 3      #&H%%X&Soiltestingforagricultural,forest,andrangeproduction(useKA102).MS݌ G Ќ X$ X(#X(#$     KA102.Soil,Plant,Water,andNutrientRelationships      Thisknowledgeareaisconcernedwiththechemicalandphysicalnatureofinterrelationships P!" amongsoils,plants,water,andnutrients.Theobjectiveistoimprove,maintain,orrestorethe #"s# inherentproductioncapabilityofsoils. "F$ Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: $& / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H}2 3      #&H%%X&Soiltestingandplantanalysis}݌ B&!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Resourcedevelopment,conservation,andmanagement݌ "'r") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Factorsthatlimitrootdevelopmentofplants݌ (R#* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofpracticalmethodsforamelioratingunfavorableconditions,suchas (2$+ tillagepans,nutrientdeficiencies,andimproperairwaterrelationships݌ )%, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HJ2 3      #&H%%X&Waystomaintainandimprovesoilstructurebysoilamendmentsandbysoil,crop, *%- tillage,andmanagementsystemsJP݌ u+&. Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Theeffectofphysical,chemical,andbiologicalpropertiesofsoilsonsoilstructure, H,'/ resistancetoerosion,availabilityofplantnutrients,andthegeneralenvironmentfor (-x(0 plantroots݌ -K)1 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H|2 3      #&H%%X&Chemicalchangesofnutrientelementsindifferentkindsofsoilsandthefactorsaffecting  uptakebyvariouscrops|݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Methodstomakebeneficialchangesinenergydissipationandutilizationinthesoil c plantatmosphererelationships݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HU2 3      #&H%%X&Interrelationshipsbetweensoilpropertiesandtheirimpactsonwaterstorageand f movementinthesoilprofileU[݌ F Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsandactionsofbiologicalorganismsonsoilandorganicmatterfunctionandplant   relationshipsŸ݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Useofmanuresandotherorganicmaterialsasplantnutrientsources."݌ |  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: /   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Precisionfarmingmethodology(useKA205or402)݌ %  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Responseofplantspeciestovariablesofsoil,plant,water,andnutrientconditions(use   appropriateKAunderPLANTSANDTHEIRSYSTEMSorFORESTANDRANGE   RESOURCES)݌ h  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsoferosion,fire,flood,andothernaturalhazardsonthesoilresource(useKA ;  104).^d݌ k Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       KA103.ManagementofSalineand_Sodic_ԀSoilsandSalinity     Thisareaisconcernedwithinjuriousaccumulationsofsaltsthatmayoccurintherootzoneof g soilbecausesaltsmoveupwardinthesoilwithwaterandareleftbehindasthewater : evaporates.Workinthisareaalsoconcernssaltsthatcanbeleacheddownwardtothe  ] groundwaterortoadrainagesystemastheresultofheavyrainfallorirrigation,aswellas 0 salinityandbrackishwaterproblemsthatmayoccurinseaboardareas.  Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: Y / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H٭2 3      #&H%%X&Leachingtheoryandmethodstopredictratesandamountsofvariousqualitiesof O leachingwatersandrelateddrainagesystemrequirementstoreclaimsoilshavingsalt / accumulations٭݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsoftreatingandmanagingsalineirrigationwaterandleachingeffluents݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hڲ2 3      #&H%%X&Managementcriteriaforuseofbrackishwaterofvariousqualitiesunderawiderangeof e ! soil,crop,andenvironmentalconditionsڲ݌ E!" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HT2 3      #&H%%X&Tillage,crop,soilamendment,leaching,andprofilemodificationpracticesforcrop "h# productiononsalineand_sodic_ԀsoilsTZ݌ "H$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Interactionsofsoilstructure,dissolvedandadsorbedions,microbialactivity,organic #% matter,andmoisturemovementintherootzoneofsaltaffectedsoils݌ $& Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H}2 3      #&H%%X&Proceduresandequipmentfordeterminingthesalinitystatusofsoilsandirrigation ~% ' waters}݌ ^&!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HѼ2 3      #&H%%X&PlantsorcroppingsequencesformanagingorimprovingsalinesoilsѼ׽݌ 1'") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Breedingandselectionofsalttolerantvarieties.݌ (a#* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: )%, / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofhumancausedsaltpollutionsuchasthatfromindustrialsources(useKA j+&. 133).^d݌ J,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$    -@)1 _KA104.ProtectSoilfromHarmfulEffectsofNaturalElements     Thisworkfocusesonprotectionofsoilsfromimpairmentasaresultofnaturalevents. V Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: L ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofwindandwatererosion݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsoffloods݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsoflandslides݌ b  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofwildfire݌ B   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Subsidenceoforganicsoils.݌ " r  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$     Exclude: %  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HA2 3      #&H%%X&Resourcedevelopmentandconservationmanagement(useKA102,112,or131).AS݌ {  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       WATER  .~   KA111.ConservationandEfficientUseofWater  $   Workinthisareaattemptstoincreaseefficiencyincollecting,storing,conveying,using,and z reusingavailablewaterresources. M Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: C ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Procedurestomonitorandimproveeffectivenessofwaterstorageinthesoilprofileand  undergroundaquifers݌ y Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hp2 3      #&H%%X&Improvedwaterconservationpracticessuchasresiduemanagementthatwillbe L compatiblewithmodernmechanizedagriculturalpracticespv݌ ,| Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Selectionandbreedingofplantvarietiestomakeefficientuseofwaterthroughthe O variousstagesofplantgrowth݌ / Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H[2 3      #&H%%X&Alternativepracticaltechniquesforreducingwaterlossfromplant,soil,andwater  surfaces[a݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Practicestoenhancewaterinfiltration,transmission,andusebyplants݌ e ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Methodstoconserve,replenish,andeffectivelyusewaterinundergroundstorage݌ E!" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Studiesoractivitiesdesignedtocontrol_phreatophytes_Ԁandaquaticweedstoreducethe %"u# damageorlossestheycause݌ #U$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Waterinwetlandandripariansystems݌ #(% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Wetlandconstructionorrenovation.݌ $ & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$     Exclude: k&!( / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Aquaticweedsasapollutant(useKA133) ݌ (a#* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H%2 3      #&H%%X&Economicandpolicyissuesofwater(useKA605or610).%+݌ (A$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       KA112.WatershedProtectionandManagement  *%-   Thisareaisintendedtofocusonsoilandwatermanagementproblemsatwholewatershed J,'/ scales,asopposedtoproblemsofmorelocalizedscale.Thesewatershedsincludethe_cropland_ -m(0 oftheU.S.aswellasrangeandforestlands.Workinthisareacanencompassoneormoreof -@)1 thefollowing:floodpreventionsystems,sedimentcontrol,windandwatererosioncontrol,and  managementstrategiesorientedtowardwateryieldandquality.  Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: )y / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HX2 3      #&H%%X&Newconceptsandmathematicalexpressionsoftheerosionprocessesbywindand  wateratthewatershedscaleXj݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Proceduresforidentifyingsedimentsources,predictingandmeasuringsediment   deposition,andmethodsforsedimentcontrol݌ b  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H<2 3      #&H%%X&Measuresforcontrollingerosiononwatershedlandsandstreamchannelsystemsin 5   ruralandurbanenvironments,andmethodsforreclaimingerodedlands<B݌  e  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsforquantifyingtheroleofsoilandvegetationinthe_hydrologic_Ԁperformanceof  8  watershedsandriverbasins,andtheimpactofmanagementpracticeswhichchange   topographicandvegetativecharacteristics݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Improvedproceduresforuseofwatershedsandriverbasinstoassureneeded n  agriculturalandforestproducts,keepsoilerosionandsedimentationtoanacceptable N  minimum,andsupplyreliablequantitiesofgoodqualitywaterfordomestic,agricultural, !q  municipal,andindustrialuses݌ D Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Alternativelandandwatermanagementpracticesincludingcovermanipulationto  improvethequality,quantity,andtimingofsurfaceandsubsurfacewateryieldsfrom  watershedsandriverbasins ݌ z Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Alternativesystemsformanagingwaterstorageandmovementtoreducefloodsand M disposeofexcesswater,maintainstablestreamchannels,andprovidewaterfor -} beneficialuses݌ P Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Designandimplementationofpracticesforthereclamationofsoilsthathavebeen # drasticallydisturbedduetoconstruction,surfacemining,mineralextraction,andother  causes.݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$     Exclude: ,| / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Economicandpolicyissuesofwatershedmanagement(useKA605or610).݌ " Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       FORESTANDRANGERESOURCES  X !  KA121.ManagementofRangeResources  !N#   Thisareaincludesworkonbiologicalprocessesandecologicalrelationships,improvedrange #% managementtechniques,andbetterappraisalsofrangeconditionsforproductionoflivestock w$& forage,wateryield,andwildlifehabitat. J% ' Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: &@")             ݌̌   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H_ 2 3      #&H%%X&Improvementofrangelandevaluationmethodstoreducecostsandincreasethe (#+ usefulnessofinformationobtained,includingaerialphotography,geographicinformation v)$, systems(GIS),trendprojections,andcomputersfordataanalysis_ q ݌ I*%- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H_ 2 3      #&H%%X&Appraisaltoprovideuptodateinformationonthequality,quantity,andproductivityof +l&. rangeresources_ e݌ +L'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Projectingfuturedemandforrangeforageandotherbenefitsnormallyrelatedtothe ,(0 wiseuseofrangelands݌ -(1 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H%2 3      #&H%%X&Physiologyandecologyofrangelandplantcommunities%+݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H?2 3      #&H%%X&Rangecharacteristics,includingidentification,physiologicalrequirements,andnutritive  valueofforageplants?E݌ p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Understandingrangeecosystemsandtheirbioticandphysicalcomponents݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Improvementthroughbreedingandselectionofbrowseplantsforforage,protection,and #s aestheticpurposes݌  S Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H92 3      #&H%%X&_Revegetation_Ԁofdeterioratedareasbyseedingdesirablespecies9?݌  & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H}2 3      #&H%%X&Systemsformanagingrangesincludingfertilization,mechanization,grazingpressure,   anddrainagetoincreaseyields}݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Managementpracticesthatharmonizegrazingwithtimbergrowing,wildlife,recreation, i   andotherlanduses ݌ I   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HN"2 3      #&H%%X&Riparianareasandwetlandsassociatedwithrangelandhabitatsandtheirimportanceto l  theseecosystemsN"T#݌ L  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H$2 3      #&H%%X&Forestedrangemanagement$%݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H&2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionagainstinsectsanddiseases&'݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H(2 3      #&H%%X&Invasive/alienplantdeteriorationofrangelands.()݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$     Exclude: B / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H(+2 3      #&H%%X&Workfocusedonimprovementofwildlifehabitat(useKA135)(+:,݌ 8 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HU-2 3      #&H%%X&Watershedsystemsandcumulativeeffects(useKA112)U-[.݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Ho/2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionagainstfire(useKA122)o/u0݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hx12 3      #&H%%X&_Agroforestry_Ԁ(useKA125)x1~2݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H32 3      #&H%%X&Economicandpolicyissuesofrangemanagement(useKA605or610)34݌ h Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H52 3      #&H%%X&Useofprescribedfireformaintenanceofrangeecosystems(useKA122)56݌ H Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H72 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalcontrolofpests(useKA215)78݌ (x Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H92 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofpestcontroltacticsintoanintegratedpestmanagement(_IPM_)system(use X KA216).9:݌ 8 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       KA122.ManagementandControlofForestandRangeFires     Workinthisareafocusesonbothwildfireandprescribedfire.Itincludesthedevelopmentof 4 newwildfirepreventionmethods,newtechnologyforfuelhazardreduction,improvedsystems  W  forwildfireprediction,detection,andeffectiveattackandsuppressiontechnologies.Prescribed  *! fireisusedtomaintainfiredependentecosystemswithoutendangeringresourcesandfacilities. !" Workinthisareafocusesonwhere,when,andhowtoutilizeprescribedfire. "# Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: &$v% / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H?2 3      #&H%%X&Firerelatedbiologyandecologyofplantsandanimals?@݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HA2 3      #&H%%X&Atmosphericandecosystemdynamics,patterns,andcharacter_istics_AB݌ &!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HC2 3      #&H%%X&PhysicsandchemistryofcombustionCE݌ '") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HF2 3      #&H%%X&Behavioroffireasinfluencedbyfirestartingagents,atmosphericcirculation,andlocal l(#* weather,fuels,andtopographyFG݌ L)$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HtH2 3      #&H%%X&Fireintelligencesystems,includingelectronicmethods,remotesensing,automatic *o%, measurementoffireenvironment,andcomputerintegrationofthesefactorsintoafire *O&- dangerratingsystemtHzI݌ +"'. Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H?K2 3      #&H%%X&Reductionoffuelhazardsthroughphysical,chemical,andprescribedfiretreatments?KEL݌ ,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HxM2 3      #&H%%X&UseoffireresistantplantsinhomeandbuildinglandscapingxM~N݌ -(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HO2 3      #&H%%X&CreationofdefensiblespacearoundhomesandbuildingsOP݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HQ2 3      #&H%%X&AerialandgroundproceduresforfightingfiresQR݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HS2 3      #&H%%X&Integratedprescribedfirecontrolandforestmanagementsystemswhichminimize p wildfirelossesST݌ P Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H"V2 3      #&H%%X&Useofprescribedfiretomaintaintheintegrityandfunctionofrangeecosystems."V(W݌ #s Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude:  & / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HX2 3      #&H%%X&Protectingsoilfromfiredamage(useKA104)XY݌ |  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HZ2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionfrompollution(useKA133or141)Z[݌ \   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H\2 3      #&H%%X&Controlofhazardstofirefightingpersonnel(useKA723)\]݌ <   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Economicandpolicyissuesofforestandrangefire(useKA605or610)^_݌ l  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Ha2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofcommunityfireprevention,attack,andsuppressionplansandrelated L  homelandsecurityactivities (useKA805).ab݌ ,  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   !      !c  !cc݌̌     KA123.Managementand_Sustainability_ofForestResources     Workinthisareafocusesonthebiologyofforestplantsandtrees;ecologyofforest (x ecosystems;treebreeding;forestnurserypractices;_silvicultural_Ԁtechniquestoimproveand K regenerateforeststands;andassessing,modeling,monitoring,andforecastingforest  ecosystems.Forestresourcesincludebothwoodandnonwoodproducts,oftenreferredtoas  nontimberforestproductsorspecialforestproducts.  Sustainableforestmanagementcriteria t andindicatorsareoutlinedininternationalprotocols. G Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: = / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hg2 3      #&H%%X&Intensiveforestmanagementgh݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hi2 3      #&H%%X&Studiesofforestecosystemandcommunitystructureandfunctionij݌ s Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hk2 3      #&H%%X&Physiologyandecologyofforesttreesandplantcommunitieskl݌ S Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hn2 3      #&H%%X&Selectionandbreedingoftreesno݌ 3 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hp2 3      #&H%%X&Foresthealthassessmentsandmanagementpracticestoprotectforestsfrominsect c anddiseaseinfestationspq݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hwr2 3      #&H%%X&Improvementofinventorymethodstoreducecostsandincreaseusefulnessof   informationobtained,includingemphasisongeographicinformationsystems(GIS),  ! aerialphotography,trendprojections,anduseofcomputersfordataanalysiswr}s݌ y!" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hou2 3      #&H%%X&Appraisalsandinventoriesforuseindevelopmentofresourceprogramsouuv݌ L"# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hw2 3      #&H%%X&Seedorchardmanagement,seedharvesting,processing,andstoragemethodswx݌ ,#|$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hy2 3      #&H%%X&Nurseryculture,planting,anddirectseedingyz݌  $\% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H{2 3      #&H%%X&Nativeandnonnative  invasivespecies  thatinterferewithforestmanagementobjectives{|݌ $< & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H.~2 3      #&H%%X&Techniquesthatresultin  naturalregeneration.~4݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HM2 3      #&H%%X&Planningandmodeling  techniquesforlongtermmanagementofforestsfortimber &!( productioninharmonywithotheruses,includingwildlifeandrecreationMS݌ '") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Theory,instrumentation,andmethodsofmensurationforestimatingtimbergrowth,yield, _(#* andqualityofproducts݌ ?)$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HS2 3      #&H%%X&Culturaltechniques,includingspacing,fertilization,liming,andirrigationforthe *b%, productionoftimberrelatedcropsfromimprovedstrainsSY݌ *B&- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hڇ2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofenvironmentandgeneticsonwoodpropertiesڇ݌ +'. Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Causesandeffectsofforestfragmentation݌ ,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Relationoftimberspeciesandqualitytowoodpropertiesanduse ݌ -(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H*2 3      #&H%%X&Managementobjectivesforprivatelyowned  forestland*0݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HP2 3      #&H%%X&Foreststewardshippracticesutilizedbyprivate  forestlandowners.PV݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: C / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HҒ2 3      #&H%%X&Forestwatersheds(useKA112or605)Ғؓ݌ 9 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hܔ2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionagainstwildfireandfirerelatedbiologyandecologyofbiota(useKA122)ܔ݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&_Agroforestry_Ԁ(useKA125)݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H52 3      #&H%%X&Urbanforestry(useKA124)5;݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H52 3      #&H%%X&Forestrecreation(useKA134)5;݌ i   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H82 3      #&H%%X&Forestedrange(useKA121)8>݌ I   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H82 3      #&H%%X&Economicandpolicyissuesofforestsandforestry(useKA605,610,or611)8>݌ )y  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hi2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalcontrolofpests(useKA215)io݌  Y  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hv2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofpestcontroltacticsintoanintegratedpestmanagement(_IPM_)system(use 9  KA216)v|݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Useofprescribedfireandothermeasurestocontrolcompetingvegetation,stand   composition,andhabitatcharacteristics(useKA122)$݌ |  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Landuseplanningpoliciesandprocedurestoreduceforestfragmentation  and O conversion(useKA605,610,or611)݌ / Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Foresttaxation,estateplanning,and_intergenerational_Ԁtransfer(useKA602or801)݌ R Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hl2 3      #&H%%X&Christmastreeproduction(useKA205).lr݌ 2 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       KA124.UrbanForestry     Thisworkconcentratesontheuseoftreestoimproveormaintainthequalityofurbanand ; suburbanenvironmentsandtoenhancenaturalbeautythroughtree_plantings_.Tree_plantings_ ^ forspecialpurposesinclude:visualscreening,noisesuppression,airqualityimprovement, 1 shade,andbeautification.Identificationanddevelopmentofspeciescapableoflivingunder  adverseconditionssuchassmoke,airpollution,compactedsoils,deficientorexcessive  moisture,andotherunfavorableconditionsassociatedwithurbanenvironmentsisincludedin Z thiscategory. -} Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: #  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HC2 3      #&H%%X&Selectionandbreedingoftreesforurbanenvironments,shade,andotherspecial y!" characteristicsCU݌ Y"# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionoftreesfromdamagebyanimals,wildfire,floods,insects,diseases,orother ,#|$ harmfulagents݌  $\% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsofsitepreparationandtreeestablishmentappropriateforspecialpurpose $/ & _plantings_ ݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H~2 3      #&H%%X&Urbantreebiology,includingcultureandmaintenanceofurbantreesandstands~݌ &!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Soilandsiterequirementsofspeciesneededtoimprovetheenvironment݌ r'") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H޾2 3      #&H%%X&Physical,biological,wildlife,andsocialbenefitsofurbantrees/forests,including R(#* psychologicalandphysicalhealth޾݌ 2)$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HN2 3      #&H%%X&Multipleeffectsofurbanforestssuchasloweringthe"heatisland"effect,reductionofair *U%, andwaterpollution,andimprovementofpropertyvalues.NT݌ *5&- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: ,'/ _ ^-(0 / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HO2 3      #&H%%X&Commercialproducts(useKA123)OU݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HT2 3      #&H%%X&Studiesspecifictopollution(useKA133or141)TZ݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hj2 3      #&H%%X&_Agroforestry_Ԁ(useKA125)jp݌ p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Economicandpolicyissuesofurbanforests(useKA605or610)݌ P Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalcontrolofpests(useKA215)݌ 0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofpestcontroltacticsintoanintegratedpestmanagement(_IPM_)system(use  ` KA216) ݌  @ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hy2 3      #&H%%X&Suburban/urbanshadetree/streettreecommissions(useKA805)y݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Managementofurbanforestryvolunteersandprograms(useKA802).݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   1   E.` hp x (#X(#E      1   K.` hp x (#` X(#KKA125._Agroforestry_  V     Workinthisareafocuseson_agroforestry_Ԁpracticesthatintentionallycombinetreesorshrubs L  withcroporlivestockoperations,orusetreesattheagriculture/communityinterfacetohelp   createmoreintegrated,diverse,andsustainablefarms,nonindustrialforests,ranches,and   ruralcommunities._Agroforestry_Ԁpracticesaredesignedtoincorporatetheuseoftreesinto u  agriculturalsettingstoaccomplishsocial,economic,andenvironmentalobjectives.Themain H  typesof_agroforestry_Ԁincludealleycropping,riparianbuffers,forestfarming, k windbreaks / _shelterbelts_,and_silvopasture_._Agroforestry_Ԁpracticesoftenyieldnontraditionaltree > andforestproductssuchasmushrooms,boughs,medicinalplants,vines,andnuts.  Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: g / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalinteractionscreatedoralteredby_agroforestry_Ԁ_plantings_݌  ] Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HB2 3      #&H%%X&Ecologicalrolesof_agroforestry_ԀsystemsatthelandscapelevelBH݌ = Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Techniquesforestablishment,management,andrenovationof_agroforestry_Ԁpractices݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Enhancingperformanceof_agroforestry_Ԁ_plantings_Ԁforeconomic,social,and  environmentalservices,andruraldevelopment݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Selectionandbreedingofplantmaterialsfor_agroforestry_݌ ` Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionoftreesandshrubsin_agroforestry_Ԁ_plantings_Ԁfromdamagebyanimals, @ wildfire,floods,insects,diseases,orotherharmfulagents݌  p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Identificationofnewandinnovativewoodyplantspeciesandarrangementstoenhance C economicreturnsfrom_agroforestry_Ԁpractices(e.g.,specialtycrops:medicinalherbs, #  floralproducts,Christmastrees,woodproducts)݌  ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Generatingincomeproducingopportunitiesfromlanddevotedtoconservationoriented y!" _agroforestry_݌ Y"# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Integrating_agroforestry_Ԁtechnologiesandplantmaterialsintoappropriateconservation ,#|$ orproductionsystemsforfarms,ranches,communities,andnonindustrialforests݌  $\% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Identifyingsocialandeconomicconstraintsto_agroforestry_Ԁadoption݌ $/ & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Landuseplanningtoolstointegrate_agroforestry_Ԁpracticesintowatersheds%݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Ho2 3      #&H%%X&Roleof_agroforestry_Ԁsystems(e.g.,cropproduction,_biodiversity_,andcarbon &!( sequestration)tomitigatehypothesizednegativeimpactsofclimatechange.ou݌ '") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: %)u$+ / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Managementofforests(useKA123)݌ *&- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalcontrolofpests(useKA215)݌ +&. Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofpestcontroltacticsintoanintegratedpestmanagement(_IPM_)system(use ,'/ KA216).݌ k-(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       NATURALRESOURCES,GENERAL    KA131.AlternativeUsesofLand  )y   Thisareaisconcernedwithevaluationofalternativeusesoflandtodetermineshortandlong  termbenefits.Changesinlanduseinresponsetopopulationgrowth,urbanandsuburban   growth,recreationalneeds,agricultural  andotherfactorsaffectingthefixedsupplyoflandare u  includedinthisarea. H  Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:  >  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Inventoryandappraisalofcurrentandpotentiallanduses݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Parametersandmodelsforevaluatingbenefits݌ t  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Appraisaloffuturelandrequirementsfornonagriculturalusessuchasforestry, T  recreation,highway,urban,andindustrialdevelopment݌ 4  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hu 2 3      #&H%%X&Conservationandmanagementpractices. u { ݌ W  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   #XX%#&HX7XX#X             ݌̌   &:%XX7#&H%%&:Exclude:  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Economic(i.e.,costbenefitanalysis)alternativeevaluations(useKA605) ݌ s Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Economicandpolicyissuesaffectinglanduse(useKA605or610).݌ S Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       KA132.WeatherandClimate  V   Workontheimpactofweatherandclimateonagricultureandnaturalresources  focuseson  threetasks:(1)characterizeexistingclimaticpatternsandproposemoreeffectivewaysof  adjustingtothesepatterns,(2)specifymodificationsinmanagementapproachesthatare R desirabletofarm,forest,andrangeland  managers,and(3)learnhowpotentialmodifications %u affectagricultureornaturalecology. H Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Understandingthesequencesanddurationofweathereventsandtheresponseof D ! relevantbiota݌ $!t" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Probabilitiesofoccurrenceofweatherconditionscriticaltoagriculturaloperations.^d݌ !G# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsforincorporatingclimatologyinthestrategies,forecasts,anddecisionmaking "'$ tacticsofagriculture݌ #% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalconsequencesofclimaticchanges݌ $& Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Driversofweather,climate,orclimatechange݌ j% ' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H$ 2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsbywhich_micrometeorology_Ԁcontrolsthereentryofpesticides,herbicides, J&!( andotheragriculturalchemicalsintotheatmosphere$ *!݌ *'z") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H"2 3      #&H%%X&Microand_meso_Ԅclimatologicalconditionsregulatingtheairbornetransportofinsects, 'M#* bacteria,fungi,andotherparticulates"#݌ (-$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H_%2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsbywhichmicrometeorologyaffectsgasandwaterexchangeattheplant )%, atmosphereboundarylayer._%e&݌ *%- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: 6,'/ / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H(2 3      #&H%%X&Lightningandotherweatherrelatedforestfires(useKA122)()݌ -,)1 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H4*2 3      #&H%%X&Weather/climatedataobtainedfromintegratedpestmanagementactivity(useKA216).4*:+݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   1   E.` hp x (#X(#E    1   K.` hp x (#` X(#KKA133.PollutionPreventionandMitigation  c   Workinthisareaisconcernedwithpreventing,alleviating,andmitigatingpollutioninitiatedby  Y agriculturalandforestrypracticesanditsdetrimentaleffectsonagriculturalplants,animals,soil, , air,water,andhumans.Potentialpollutantsinclude:organicpesticides,radionuclides,fertilizer   chemicals,growthregulatingchemicals,animalandcropwastes,mulchingmaterials,   pathogenicmicroorganisms,heavymetals,saltsusedonroadsfordeicing,andallergens.This U  workfocusesonagriculturalproduction,notonhealthhazardstohumans,whicharecoveredin ( x  KA723,HazardstoHumanHealthandSafety.  K  Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H"12 3      #&H%%X&Sources,character,intensity,andcausesofpollutionfromagriculturalandforestry G  practicesandfrequencyofoccurrence"142݌ 'w  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H32 3      #&H%%X&Behaviorandfateofpesticidesandotherpollutantsinsoilandwater34݌ J  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H52 3      #&H%%X&Toleranceofplants,animals,humans,andinsectstopollutants,includinglowlevelsof * pollutantsforprolongedperiodsoftime56݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HH82 3      #&H%%X&BreedingandselectionofforestandrangeplantsresistanttopollutionH8N9݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hu:2 3      #&H%%X&Publicpolicythatwouldreducepollutionu:{;݌ m Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H<2 3      #&H%%X&Neworalternativeagriculturalandforestrypracticesandmethodsofreducingand M controllingpollutiontolevelsthatarenotharmfultonaturalresources,plants,animals, -} andhumans,ormethodsthatwillpreventemissionofthepollutant<=݌ P Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H?2 3      #&H%%X&Roleanduseoflivingorganismsinremovingpollutantsfromtheenvironment?@݌ # Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HA2 3      #&H%%X&MinimumenvironmentalqualitystandardsfornaturalresourcehealthandintegrityAB݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HC2 3      #&H%%X&MethodologyandinstrumentationfordetectionofpollutantsandmethodsofanalysisCD݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H F2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsofmonitoringwater,soil,andothermediaforpollutantsandmaintenanceof s networksthatconductthismonitoring F&G݌ S Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HH2 3      #&H%%X&MethodsandequipmentforprotectingplantsandanimalsfrompollutantsHI݌ &v Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HJ2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionagainstradiation,noise,andotherhazardsJK݌ V Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HL2 3      #&H%%X&_Remediation_ԀofpollutedareasLM݌ 6 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HN2 3      #&H%%X&AquaticweedsasapollutantNP݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HP2 3      #&H%%X&Modelingpollutantloadanddeliverytosoilandwaterresources.PR݌  ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$         #S  &:%%#&H #SJS݌̌   #&H%%&:Exclude: Y"# / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H%T2 3      #&H%%X&Treestoenhanceurbanandsuburbanenvironments(useKA124)%T+U݌ #O% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HHV2 3      #&H%%X&Protectinghumansfromharmfuleffectsofmicroorganismsandnaturallyoccurringtoxins $/ & (useKA712)HVNW݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HX2 3      #&H%%X&Collecting,moving,storing,recycling,ordisposingofplant,animal,andradioactiveor &!( industrialwastes(useKA403)XY݌ r'") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H[2 3      #&H%%X&Measurement,monitoring,andmitigationofairborne_particulates_,dust,ozone,odors, E(#* volatileorganiccompounds,gases,combustionproducts,smoke,andsmog(useKA %)u$+ 141)[\݌ )H%, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H]2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsandremedialmeasuresrelatedtoatmosphericdeposition(useKA141)]^݌ *&- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H!`2 3      #&H%%X&Safemethodsfordisposingofpesticidesorotheragriculturalchemicals(useKA403or +&. 723)!`'a݌ ,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hvb2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsandequipmenttoprotecthumansfrompollutants(useKA723)vb|c݌ ^-(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hd2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionofhumansfromnonfoodallergensandtoxins,andpoisonousplants(useKA  723)de݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hf2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionofhumansfromradiation(useKA723)fg݌ c Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hi2 3      #&H%%X&Mitigationofodors,dust,andnoisehazardoustohumans(useKA723).i j݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       KA134.OutdoorRecreation  F   Workonoutdoorrecreationfocusesonthemanagementoflandsforrecreationandthe   coordinationofthisusewithotherlandresources.Itinvolvesproblemsinmanagementof o  physicalresources,aswellassocioeconomicrelationshipsofusersoftheresources. B   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:  8  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HBm2 3      #&H%%X&DeterminingthedemandforoutdoorrecreationBmTn݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H`o2 3      #&H%%X&Criteriaforselectingsitesthatwillattractandsupportheavyrecreationuse`ofp݌ n  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hq2 3      #&H%%X&Developingpracticalmethodstomaintainexistingrecreationsitesandrestoringthose N  depletedbyheavyuseqr݌ .~  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hs2 3      #&H%%X&Requirementsforaestheticlandscapesandmeansforproducingandmaintaining Q Ѐthemsu݌ 1 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HUv2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsfortheprotection,management,andrecreationaluseofwildernesstype  historicalandarcheologicalareasandsceniclandscapesUv[w݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hx2 3      #&H%%X&Managementsystemsandspecialequipmentandfacilitiesthatwillminimizedangers g fromfire,avalanches,andothernaturalhazardsxy݌ G Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HR{2 3      #&H%%X&Understandingofvisitorpreferencesandattitudesregardingoutdoorrecreation j opportunities.R{X|݌ J Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude:  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H}2 3      #&H%%X&Economicevaluationofrecreationandrecreationresources(useKA605)}~݌ F Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H#2 3      #&H%%X&Recreationpolicy(useKA610).#)݌ &v Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       KA135.AquaticandTerrestrialWildlife  )   Thisareafocusesoninvertebrateandvertebrateanimalspeciesthatoccurnaturallyinforest,  ! range,andagriculturallandsandwaters,andmarineenvironments.Workincludesdetermining R!" biologicalandecologicalrequirementsofspecies,factorsinfluencingpopulationdynamics, %"u# interspecificrelationships,methodsformaintainingandenhancinghabitats,andmanagement "H$ approachesforsustainingwildlifeharvestswhilemaintainingpopulation,species,and #% communityviability.  $&  Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: D&!( / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Lifehistoriesandpopulationdynamicsofwildlife,  includingnongameandthreatenedor ':#* endangeredspecies݌ ($+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Ecologicalandphysiologicalrequirementsoffishandwildlife,includingotherorganisms )$, andplantsthatprovidefoodandshelter݌ }*%- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hx2 3      #&H%%X&Improvingterrestrialwildlifehabitatthroughsuchmeasuresasseeding,planting, P+&. prescribedburning,spraying,fertilizing,andmanipulationofnativevegetationx~݌ 0,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Improvingfishhabitatandfoodsuppliesthroughmanagementandrestorationofriparian -S(0 andaquaticvegetation,andlakeandstreamphysicalandchemicalhabitatfeatures݌ -3)1 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Breedingandfeedinghabits,movementpatterns,andotherbehaviorofwildlife݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Interspecificrelationshipssuchascompetitionandpredationthataffectthewellbeingof  wildlifepopulations݌ p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HS2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionofwildlifefromarthropods,parasitesanddiseases,invasivenonnative C organisms,andotherhazards,exceptpollutantsSY݌ #s Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hϖ2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofagricultural,forest,andrangelandmanagementpracticesonwildlife F communitiesϖ՗݌  & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H#2 3      #&H%%X&Managementapproachesforachievingbalancebetweensocietysandwildlifesneed   anduseoflandandwaterresources. #)݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: /   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Pollutionpreventionandmitigation(useKA133or141)݌ %  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Newandimprovedanimalproducts(useKA308,502,or511)݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H-2 3      #&H%%X&Farmraisedfish,shellfish,gameandfurbearinganimals,andotherwildlife(use   appropriateKAunderANIMALSANDTHEIRSYSTEMS)-3݌ u  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Economicsandmonetaryvaluingofwildlife(useKA605)݌ H  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HĤ2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionofcropsfromvertebratepests(useKA214)Ĥʥ݌ (x Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hߦ2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionoflivestockfromvertebratepests(useKA314)ߦ݌ X Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionofhumansfromdiseasestransmittedfromwildlife(useKA722)݌ 8 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H,2 3      #&H%%X&Wildlifepolicy(useKA610).,2݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   !      !.  !.a݌̌   !      !  KA136.ConservationofBiologicalDiversity!݌ { Ќ   !      !~  !~݌̌     Inanaturalresourcescontext,workonbiologicaldiversity(_biodiversity_)conservationfocuses !q onthedescription,measurement,assessment,andmanagementofplantandanimalvariation D innature.  Itincludesdiversityatthegenetic,species,andecosystemlevelsinforest,range,and  agriculturallyinfluencedecosystems.Theobjectiveistopreserve,enhance,andrestorenatural  _biodiversity_Ԁtolevelscompatiblewithsocietalusesofnaturalresources. m   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: c / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&_Biodiversity_Ԁinventoriesofpublicandprivatelandsandwaters ݌    Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HO2 3      #&H%%X&Comparisonsof_biodiversity_Ԁbetweenhabitats,_ecoregions_,andnaturalandculturally  ! impactedareasOU݌ y!" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsthatinfluence_biodiversity_݌ L"# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Theroleof_biodiversity_Ԁinecosystemfunction,stability,andresilience݌ ,#|$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&He2 3      #&H%%X&Impactsofagricultural,forestry,andrangelandmanagementpracticeson_biodiversity_ek݌  $\% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofnonnativeinvasivespecieson_biodiversity_ž݌ $< & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Managementapproachesforconservingandrestoring_biodiversity_.݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: '") ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Geneticdiversityofagriculturallyimportantplants(useKA202)^d݌ %)u$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Geneticdiversityofagriculturallyimportantanimals(useKA303).݌ *U%, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   !      !  !݌̌   !    !/  !/V݌̌   #XX%#&HX7XX#X  ,'/ !      !  &:%XX7#&H%%&: AIR!,݌  Ќ   !    !  !݌̌   !    !K  KA141.AirResourceProtectionandManagement !Kr݌ V Ќ   !      !  !;݌̌     Thisknowledgeareafocusesoninvestigationsthatquantifyemissions,fateandtransport,and L practicestomitigateemissionsofparticulatematterandgasesfromagricultureandforestry  practices.Workincludesemissionsfromanimalfeedingoperations,controlledburning,and   tillage,andvolatilization/transporttotheatmosphereofnaturallyoccurringoranthropogenic u  chemicalcompounds .  H  Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:  >  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Shortandlongrangetransportof_particulates_Ԁandgasesbywindthroughthe   atmosphere ݌ t  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hv2 3      #&H%%X&Proceduresformeasuringandmonitoringof_particulates_,gases,andodors,aswellas G  precursorstotheformationofatmospheric_particulates_Ԁandozonev|݌ 'w  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HF2 3      #&H%%X&EffectsandremedialmeasuresrelatedtoatmosphericdepositionFL݌ J  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hj2 3      #&H%%X&Emissionstotheatmospherefromlandapplicationofanimalwastes,animalhousing, * andedgeoffieldboundariesjp݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Inventoriesofemissionfactorstohelpagricultureandforestrycomplywithregulatory  requirements݌ m Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H02 3      #&H%%X&Managementpracticesthatreduceormitigate_particulates_,gases,andodorsaswellas @ greenhousegasesfromagricultureandforestryproductionpracticestotheatmosphere.06݌  p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$       Exclude:  ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H-2 3      #&H%%X&Mitigationofodors,dust,andnoisehazardoustohumans(useKA723)-?݌ l Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hc2 3      #&H%%X&Indoorairquality(useKA804).ci݌ L Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   #XX%#&HX7XX#X  ,| !    !  #XXXX7 TOPICII.PLANTSANDTHEIRSYSTEMS#&H%X#X !݌  Ќ     р PLANTPRODUCTION  i  KA201.PlantGenome,Genetics,andGeneticMechanisms  _   Thisareafocusesondevelopmentanddissemination  offundamentalinformationinplant   geneticsandplantbreedingtechnologywiththepurposeofmakingplantbreedingmore   efficientandproductive,andincludesrelatedtechnologiessuchas_genomic_Ԁdatabase [  management. . ~    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:  $  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HO2 3      #&H%%X&Genomesequencingandmapping OU݌ z  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HW2 3      #&H%%X&Geneticstructure,organization,andfunctionW]݌ Z  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hi2 3      #&H%%X&Comparativeand_translational_Ԁ_genomics_io݌ :  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Geneidentificationandmanipulation݌ j  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Geneticmarkersandmarkerassistedselectionforbreeding݌ J Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&QuantitativeTraitLoci(_QTL_)analysis݌ * Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      ##&H%%X&#Geneticstructuresandmechanisms ݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Inheritanceoftraits݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Bioinformaticsanddatabases.  ݌ z Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: -} / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Ha2 3      #&H%%X&Breedingforspecifictraitswithdirectpurposeofreleasingacropvarietyorbreeding # line,evenwhenusingmoleculartoolssuchasmolecularmarkers,expressedsequence  tags,andQTL(useKA203,204,or211214)ag݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HG2 3      #&H%%X&Useofgenomictechnologytocharacterizeorevaluategermplasm(useKA202)GM݌ Y Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hx2 3      #&H%%X&Populationgeneticsassociatedwithgermplasmpreservation(useKA202)x~݌ 9 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Forestandrangeplants(useKA121,123,124,or125).݌ i Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   #XX%#&HX7XX#X"X7XXX7#XXXX7 PK4X` hp x (#X(#K  PE.` hp x (#X(#E"  #&H%X#X"݌̌ $ X(#X(#$#XX%#&HX7XX#X  &:%XX7#&H%%&: KA202.PlantGeneticResources      Thisareafocusesondiscovery,acquisition,preservation,characterization,anddevelopmentof r!" plantgeneticresourcesforplantproductionorprotection.Bothinsituandexsitupreservation E"# methodsareincluded,aswellaspreservationofspeciesandwithinspeciesvariation. #h$   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: $ & / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H12 3      #&H%%X&Acquisitionandpreservationofgeneticresources17݌ d&!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HG2 3      #&H%%X&Germplasmcharacterizationandevaluation,includingscreeningfordiversityorspecific D'") traitsforproductionorprotectionGM݌ $(t#* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Biosystematics/taxonomy  ݌ (G$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Populationgeneticsassociatedwithgermplasmpreservation  ݌ )'%, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Genepoolenrichmentandprebreedingactivitiessuchasinterspecificcrosses, *&- introgressionoftraitsintobreedinglines,increasingfrequenciesofdesirablewithincrop +&.  genepools,andadaptationofmaterialtodaylengthorotherculturalrequirements ݌ j,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Longtermstorageofgeneticmaterials,includingseedsandvegetativelypropagated   materials.݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   __Exclude: 6 / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Breedingforspecifictraits,includingtheuseofmoleculartoolssuchasmolecular , markers,expressedsequencetags,andQuantitativeTraitLoci(useKA203,204,or   211214)݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hz2 3      #&H%%X&Seedprocessingforshorttermstorageorcommercialuse(useKA512)z݌ b  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Forestandrangeplants(useKA121,123,124,or125)݌ B   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Naturalresourcesbiodiversity(useKA136).݌ " r  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   __ KA203.PlantBiologicalEfficiencyandAbioticStressesAffectingPlants  %    Thisareafocusesonunderstandingandimprovingplantproductivityandqualityaffectedby {  reducedinputsorabioticstressessuchaswater,temperature,ornutrients. N    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: D / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalmechanismsthataffectactualorpotentialyields݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalmechanismsrelatedtowateruseandsurvivalofwaterstresses(e.g.,drought, z flooding) !݌ Z Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H0#2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalmechanismsrelatedtotheuseofnutrientsandsurvivalofnutrientstress0#6$݌ -} Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hj%2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalmechanismsrelatedtosurvivaloftemperaturestress(includingfreezing,  ] chilling,andheat)j%p&݌ = Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H'2 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forbiologicalefficiencyorstresstolerance'(݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H*2 3      #&H%%X&Culturalpracticestoimprovebiologicalefficiencyorstresstolerance.* +݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   __Exclude: S / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H,2 3      #&H%%X&Basicplantbiology(useKA206),-݌ I Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H.2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationintoproductionmanagementsystems(useKA205)./݌ ) Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H02 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forqualityimprovement(useKA204)01݌    Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H22 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forhostplantresistance(useKA211,212,or  ! 214)23݌ y!" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HM52 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forcropweedmanagement(useKA213)M5S6݌ L"# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H72 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationofgermplasmforvariationinbiologicalefficiencyorstresstolerance(useKA ,#|$ 202)78݌  $\% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H92 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofabioticfactorsonpests(useKA211214)9:݌ $/ & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H;2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofpollutionstressonplants(useKA133);<݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H>2 3      #&H%%X&Forestandrangeplants(useKA121,123,124,125,or133).>?݌ &!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   _ _KA204.PlantProductQualityandUtility(Preharvest)  R(#*   Thisareafocusesonmaintainingorimprovingspecificqualityorutilityparameterswithin )H%, biologicalmaterialbeforeharvest. *&-   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: q,'/  D-(0 / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HA2 3      #&H%%X&BiologicalprocessesthataffectproductqualityandutilityAB݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HD2 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forproductqualityandutilityD E݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2F2 3      #&H%%X&Culturalpracticesthataffectproductqualityandutility2F8G݌ p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HQH2 3      #&H%%X&Maintenanceofseedquality.QHWI݌ P Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude:  S / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HJ2 3      #&H%%X&Basicplantbiology(useKA206)JK݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HL2 3      #&H%%X&_Postharvest_Ԁqualityandutility(useKA502,503,511,711,or712)LM݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HN2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofeducation,research,andextensionresultsintoproductionmanagement i   systems(useKA205)NO݌ I   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HPQ2 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationofgermplasmforvariationinspecificqualityorutilityparameters(useKA l  202)PQVR݌ L  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HS2 3      #&H%%X&Fundamentalareasofgenetics(useKA201)ST݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HU2 3      #&H%%X&Seedprocessingtechnology(useKA512)UV݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HW2 3      #&H%%X&Forestandrangeplants(useKA121,123,124,or125)WX݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HY2 3      #&H%%X&Nutrientcompositionofplantproducts(useKA701).YZ݌ o  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA205.PlantManagementSystems  "r   Thisareafocusesonintegrationofproductionpracticesintoanintegratedsystemformanaging  annualandperennialplantpopulationdensities,fertility,irrigation,precisionagriculture,  and  otherculturalpracticesinanefficientandeffectivemanner. n   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: d / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Applicationofremotesensingandotherautomatedsamplingmethodologiesin   managingplantpopulationdensities,fertility,irrigation,andotherculturalpractices^ _݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H`2 3      #&H%%X&Modelinganddecisionsupportsystemsforuseinmanagingplantpopulationdensities, m fertility,irrigation,andculturalpractices`a݌ M Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H c2 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationofintegratedproductionmanagementsystems c&d݌  p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H;e2 3      #&H%%X&Organicagriculture!plantproductionmanagementsystems;eAf݌ P Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H\g2 3      #&H%%X&Sustainableagriculture!plantproductionsystems\gbh݌ 0  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hvi2 3      #&H%%X&Scale(size)relatedplantproductionsystemsthatmayaffectfarmviabilityvi|j݌  ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hk2 3      #&H%%X&_Biosecurity_Ԁinplantproductionsystemskl݌ !" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hm2 3      #&H%%X&GardeningandMasterGardeningprograms.mn݌ "# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: 3$% / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H.p2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofintegratedpestmanagementsystems(useKA216).p4q݌ %)!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HQr2 3      #&H%%X&Applicationofremotesensingandotherautomatedsamplingmethodologiesforpest & "( management(useKA211216)QrWs݌ '") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Ht2 3      #&H%%X&Modelinganddecisionsupportsystemsforpestmanagement(useKA216)tu݌ l(#* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hv2 3      #&H%%X&Basicstudiesandinformationrelatedtoimproving,maintaining,orrestoringtheinherent L)$+ productioncapabilityofsoils(useKA102)vw݌ ,*|%, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hay2 3      #&H%%X&Forestandrangeplants(useKA121,123,124,or125)aygz݌ *O&- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H|{2 3      #&H%%X&_Biodiversity_Ԁinplantproductionsystems(useKA202).|{|݌ +/'. Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA206.BasicPlantBiology  -(0   Thisareafocusesoninquiryintofundamentalprocessesandmechanismsinplantsandmodel  organismsbasictothelifeoftheplant. V   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: L / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H)2 3      #&H%%X&Characterizationofstructurefunctionrelationshipsandmetabolicpathways)/݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HY2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsofenergytransduction,conversion,anddissipationY_݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H|2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsofuptake,transport,andstorageofnutrientsandgases|݌ b  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsofresponsetoandtransductionofbioticandabioticfactors݌ B   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hч2 3      #&H%%X&Processesinendophyticorfreelivingmicroorganismsrelatedtobasicprocessesin " r  plantsч׈݌ R  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H$2 3      #&H%%X&Processesrelatedtoseeddevelopment,respiration,andgermination$*݌ %  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HL2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsofcelldivision,expansion,anddifferentiationLR݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hl2 3      #&H%%X&Processesrelatedtothedevelopmentofvegetativeandreproductivestructures.lr݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: H  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Geneticstructuresandmechanisms(useKA201)݌ > Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Plantpopulationgenetics(useKA202)݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalmechanismsthataffectactualorpotentialyields(useKA203) ݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H:2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalmechanismsrelatedtobioticstress(useKA211214):@݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Forestandrangeplants(useKA121,123,124,or125).^d݌ n Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   PLANTPROTECTION  D  KA211.Insects,Mites,andOtherArthropodsAffectingPlants     Thisareafocusesonyieldandqualityaffectedbyindigenousandexoticinsects,mites,and @ otherarthropods(includingbeesandotherpollinators). c   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:    / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HK2 3      #&H%%X&Populationdynamics,ecology,andbehaviorKQ݌ _!" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HZ2 3      #&H%%X&Biosystematics/taxonomyZ`݌ ?"# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HV2 3      #&H%%X&ImpactofclimateandotherabioticfactorsonpestbiologyandbehaviorV\݌ #o$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Culturalpracticestoreduceinfestationsoreffects݌ #O% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsofhostplantresistance݌ $/ & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forhostplantresistance݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H˩2 3      #&H%%X&Pestresistancetocontrolmethodsorstrategies˩Ѫ݌ &!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Efficacy,productperformance,applicationtechnology,andpopulationmanagementwith '") conventionalpesticidesandbiopesticides(includingpheromonesandgrowthregulators)݌ _(#* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocols(includingeconomicinjurylevels,actionthresholds, 2)$+ andremotesensingandotherautomatedsamplingmethodologies)andpredictive *b%, modelsforsinglepests݌ *5&- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HO2 3      #&H%%X&Populationandmoleculargenetics(e.g.,physicallinkagemaps,geneexpression, +'. regulation,proteomics,mutagenesis,genediscovery)OU݌ ,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hͳ2 3      #&H%%X&Nutrition,management,andproductivityofbeesandotherpollinatorsͳӴ݌ k-(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&_Biosecurity_Ԁmeasurestolimitinvasiveinsects,mites,andotherarthropodsinplant  managementsystems.݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: 6 / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HƸ2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofcontroltacticsintosystemsformanagingsinglepestsorpestcomplexes , (useKA216)Ƹ̹݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H#2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocolsorpredictivemodelsforpestcomplexes(useKA   216)#)݌ o  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hr2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalcontrol(useKA215)rx݌ B   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hv2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofremotesensinginstruments(useKA404)v|݌ " r  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationofgermplasmforgeneticvariationinresistancetopests(useKA202)݌ R  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&ForestinsectswhenworkisnotattheIPMsystemslevel(useKA121,123,124,or125)݌ 2  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Theroleofinsects,mites,andotherarthropodsindiseasetransmission(useKA212) ݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H=2 3      #&H%%X&Insectpestsaffectinghumans(useKA721or722)=C݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HS2 3      #&H%%X&Movementanddispersalresultingfromairbornetransportofpests(useKA132or133).SY݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA212.PathogensandNematodesAffectingPlants  5   Thisareafocusesonyieldandqualityaffectedbyindigenousandexoticbacteria,fungi, + nematodes,viruses,andotherpathogens.    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: T / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsofinfection,reproduction,systemicspread,andpathogenesis݌ J Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H?2 3      #&H%%X&Epidemiology,ecology,andbehavior?E݌ * Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HG2 3      #&H%%X&Biosystematics/taxonomyGM݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HC2 3      #&H%%X&MechanismsofhostplantresistanceCI݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HK2 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forhostplantresistanceKQ݌ z Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hr2 3      #&H%%X&Culturalpracticestoreduceincidence,severity,orimpactsrx݌ Z Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Theroleofinsects,mites,andotherarthropodsinpathogentransmission݌ : Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Efficacy,productperformance,applicationtechnology,andpopulationmanagementwith j conventionalpesticidesandbiopesticides(includingpheromonesandgrowthregulators)݌ J  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hf2 3      #&H%%X&Pathogenresistancetocontrolmethodsandstrategiesfl݌  ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocols(includingeconomicinjurylevels,actionthresholds, !" andremotesensingandotherautomatedsamplingmethodologies)andpredictive "# modelsforpathogenornematodespecies݌ `#$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HZ2 3      #&H%%X&Populationandmoleculargeneticsofnematodes(e.g.,sequencing,proteomics,gene 3$% expression,regulation)Z`݌ %c & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&_Biosecurity_Ԁmeasurestolimitinvasivepathogensandnematodesinplantmanagement %6!' systems.݌ &"( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: l(#* / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofcontroltacticsintosystemsformanagingpathogenornematodespecies *b%, complexes(useKA216)݌ *B&- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocolsandpredictivemodelsforpathogenornematode +'. speciescomplexes(useKA216)݌ ,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HL2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalcontrol(useKA215)LR݌ x-(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HQ2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofremotesensinginstruments(useKA404)QW݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hl2 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationofgermplasmforgeneticvariationinresistancetopathogensornematodes  (useKA202)lr݌ p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Fundamentalareasofplantgenetics(useKA201)݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Movementanddispersalresultingfromairbornetransportofpathogensornematodes #s (useKA132or133).݌  S Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA213.WeedsAffectingPlants    Ѐ  Thisareafocusesonyieldandqualityaffectedbycompetitionfromindigenousandexotic O   weeds,includingaquaticweedsandparasiticplants. " r    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Populationdynamicsandecology݌ n  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Biosystematics/taxonomy݌ N  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofabioticfactorssuchastemperature,water,ornutrients݌ .~  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Weedseedstudies,includingdormancy,survival,anddepredation݌ ^ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Culturalpractices(includingsolarsterilization)toreduceweedpopulationsoreffects ݌ > Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HG2 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forcropweedmanagementGM݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hm2 3      #&H%%X&Efficacy,productperformance,applicationtechnology,andpopulationmanagementwith  conventionalpesticidesandbiopesticides(includinggrowthregulators)ms݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Pestresistancetoweedcontrolmethodsandstrategies  ݌ a Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocols(includingeconomicinjurylevelsandremote A sensingandotherautomatedsamplingmethodologies)andpredictivemodelsforweeds $ ݌ !q Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&_Biosecurity_Ԁmeasurestolimitinvasiveweedsinplantmanagementsystems.݌ D Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude:  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HU2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofcontroltacticsintosystemsformanagingsingleweedspeciesorweed M complexes(useKA216)U[݌ -} Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalcontrol(useKA215)݌ P Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forbiologicalefficiency(useKA203)݌ 0  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Controlofcompetingvegetationinurbanforestryandagroforestry(useKA124or125)݌  ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H-2 3      #&H%%X&Protectionofwildlifeandnaturalresourcesfromaquaticweeds(useKA135)-3݌ !" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocolsandpredictivemodelsforweedcomplexes(useKA "# 216)^d݌ `#$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofremotesensinginstruments(useKA404)݌ 3$% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Toxiceffectsofweedsonanimals(useKA314) !݌ %c & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H"2 3      #&H%%X&Effectsofweedsonhumanhealth,includingallergiesandtoxicity(useKA723)"#݌ %C!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H%2 3      #&H%%X&Fundamentalareasofplantgenetics(useKA201)%&݌ &#"( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H&'2 3      #&H%%X&Movementanddispersalresultingfromairbornetransportofweeds(useKA132or133).&',(݌ '#) Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA214.Vertebrates,Mollusks,andOtherPestsAffectingPlants  f)$+   Thisareafocusesonyieldandqualityaffectedbyindigenousandexoticvertebratepests  +\&- (includingbirdsandmammals),mollusks(includingslugsandsnails),andotherplantpests. +/'.   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: -(0 Ї/ /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H(+2 3      #&H%%X&Populationdynamicsandecology(+.,݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H,-2 3      #&H%%X&Biosystematics/taxonomy,-2.݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H(/2 3      #&H%%X&Breeding(includinggeneticengineering)forhostplantresistance(/.0݌ p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HO12 3      #&H%%X&ImpactofclimateandotherabioticfactorsonpestmanagementO1U2݌ P Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hr32 3      #&H%%X&Culturalpracticestoreduceinfestationsoreffectsr3x4݌ 0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H52 3      #&H%%X&Efficacy,productperformance,applicationtechnology,andpopulationmanagementwith  ` conventionalpesticidesandbiopesticides(includingpheromonesandgrowthregulators)56݌  @ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H082 3      #&H%%X&Pestresistancetocontrolmethodsorstrategies0869݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HE:2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocols(includingeconomicinjurylevels,actionthresholds,   andremotesensingandotherautomatedsamplingmethodologies)andpredictive    modelsforanindividualspeciesE:K;݌ V   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H=2 3      #&H%%X&_Biosecurity_Ԁmeasurestolimitinvasivevertebrates,mollusks,andotherpestsinplant )y  managementsystems.=>݌  Y  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude:   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H?2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofcontroltacticsintosystemsformanagingsinglepestsorpestcomplexes U  (useKA216)?@݌ 5 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HFB2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalcontrol(useKA215)FBLC݌ X Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HKD2 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationofgermplasmforgeneticvariationinresistancetopests(useKA202)KDQE݌ 8 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HF2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocolsandpredictivemodelsforpestcomplexes(useKA  216)FG݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HH2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofremotesensinginstruments(useKA404)HI݌ { Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HJ2 3      #&H%%X&Fundamentalareasofplantgenetics(useKA201)JK݌ [ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HM2 3      #&H%%X&Managementofvertebratepestsinrangelandandforestsystems,includingagroforests ; andurbanforests(useKA121,123,124,or125)MN݌ k Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HO2 3      #&H%%X&Managementofvertebratepeststoprotectproperty,endangeredspecies,and > communitywellbeing(useKA135).OP݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA215.BiologicalControlofPestsAffectingPlants  t   Thisareafocusesonclassical,augmentative,orinundativeuseofnaturalenemies(including j microbialbiologicalcontrolagents)tomanageplantpests(pathogens,insects,mites, =  nematodes,weeds,vertebrates,etc.).  !   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: f"# / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HS2 3      #&H%%X&BasicbiologyandgeneticimprovementofnaturalenemiesST݌  $\% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HU2 3      #&H%%X&EcologyandconservationofnaturalenemiesUV݌ $< & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HX2 3      #&H%%X&PopulationdynamicepidemiologicmultitrophicinteractionsamongnaturalenemiesXY݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H=Z2 3      #&H%%X&Collectionanddiscoveryofnaturalenemies=ZC[݌ &!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HM\2 3      #&H%%X&Biosystematics/taxonomyM\S]݌ '") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HI^2 3      #&H%%X&Maintenance,massproduction,qualitycontrol,anddeliverysystemsfornaturalenemiesI^O_݌ l(#* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H`2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocols(includingremotesensingandotherautomated L)$+ samplingmethodologies)andpredictivemodelsfornaturalenemies.`a݌ ,*|%, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: +"'.   ,'/ / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H}c2 3      #&H%%X&Managementofplantpestsusingmethodsotherthanbiologicalcontrol,including   chemical,cultural,physical,andhostplantresistance(useKA211214)}cd݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hf2 3      #&H%%X&Integrationofcontroltacticsintosystemsformanagingsinglepestspeciesorpest c complexes(useKA216)f g݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H~h2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocolsandpredictivemodelsforpestmanagement f complexes(useKA216)~hi݌ F Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hj2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofremotesensinginstruments(useKA404).jk݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA216.IntegratedPestManagementSystems  |    Thisareafocusesontheintegrationofoneormorecontroltacticsintoasystemformanaging " r  singleplantpestsorpestcomplexesinaneconomically,socially,andenvironmentallysound  E  manner.     Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: n    / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hn2 3      #&H%%X&Understandingthebiologyofcroppestbeneficialinteractions(systemecology)no݌ d  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hq2 3      #&H%%X&Interactionsamongpestcontroltactics(mayincludecultural,mechanical,biological,and D pesticideapplicationtactics)andimpactsoncropproductivityqr݌ $ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hs2 3      #&H%%X&Implementationofnewknowledgeandtechnologiesonanareawideorregionalscalest݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hu2 3      #&H%%X&Impactofclimateandotherabioticfactorsonpestmanagementsystemsuv݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H x2 3      #&H%%X&DeterminationofenvironmentalimpactsresultingfromtheuseofIPMsystems xy݌ g Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H:z2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocols(includingeconomicinjurylevels,actionthresholds, G andremotesensingandotherautomatedsamplingmethodologies)andpredictive 'w modelsforuseinmanagingpestcomplexesandnaturalenemypopulations:z@{݌ J Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H4}2 3      #&H%%X&Pestmanagementproblemspecificationinaffectedcommunitiesincluding  growers/producers,processors,marketers,andconsumers4}:~݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&DeterminationofconstraintstoadoptionofIPMmethods,barrierstoprogressalongthe  IPMcontinuum,andimpacts.݌ ` Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Acceptanceofpestmanagementsystems.݌ 3 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: 6   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H}2 3      #&H%%X&Singlepestcontroltactics(useKA121,123,124,125,or211215)}݌  ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationofgermplasmforgeneticvariationinresistancetopests(useKA202)݌ l!" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Applicationofremotesensingandotherautomaticsamplingmethodologiesinmanaging L"# plantpopulationdensities,fertility,irrigation,andotherculturalpractices(useKA205)݌ ,#|$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsamplingprotocolsandpredictivemodelsforsinglepestsornatural #O% enemies(useKA121,123,124,125,or211215)݌ $/ & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Movementanddispersalresultingfromairbornetransportofpests(useKA132) ݌ %!' Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H@2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofremotesensinginstruments(useKA404)@F݌ &!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H[2 3      #&H%%X&DeterminationofeconomicandsocialimpactsofIPMsystems(useKA601,605,or803)[a݌ r'") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Impactsofpestmanagementpolicies(useKA610)݌ R(#* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Consumereconomics,includingresponsetoproductlabeling(useKA607).݌ 2)$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   #XX%#&HX7XX#X  *b%, _#XXXX7 TOPICIII.ANIMALSANDTHEIRSYSTEMS   #&H%X#X ANIMALPRODUCTION  i  KA301.ReproductivePerformanceofAnimals  _   Worktoenhancereproductiveperformanceofagriculturallyimportantanimalsinvolvesfactors   thatcontrolreproductionorprovidemethodologiestoimprovereproductiveefficiency,including   effortstocontrolpuberty,ovarianfunctionandcycles,gameteformationandmaturation, [  fertilization,establishmentandmaintenanceofpregnancy,placentalfunction,fetaldevelopment . ~  andgrowth,andparturition.  Q    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:     / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Reducingtheageoffirstbreedinginfemalesҝ݌ M  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hޞ2 3      #&H%%X&Improvinglibidoandreducingphysicalandpsychologicalbarrierstomatingޞ݌ -}  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Methodstocontrolestrusandovulation݌  ]  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Semenmetabolismandpreservation,andartificialinseminationtechniques ݌ = Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HH2 3      #&H%%X&EffectsofstressfactorsonreproductiveperformanceHN݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hb2 3      #&H%%X&Controllingsexofoffspringthroughspermseparationandothermeansbh݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Increasingthefertilizationandconceptionrateofavailableova݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Increasingthenumberofpotentiallyfertilizableova݌ m Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H̭2 3      #&H%%X&Reducingprenatal,natal,andpostnatalmortality̭Ү݌ M Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Improvingmotheringability݌ -} Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsforearlydiagnosisofpregnancy݌  ] Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Fundamentalstudiestodeterminemolecular,cellular,andmetabolicmechanisms = regulatingreproduction݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HN2 3      #&H%%X&DevelopmentofreproductivetechnologiesNT݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H[2 3      #&H%%X&Methodstoimprovespawningefficiencyinfishandshellfish[a݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H|2 3      #&H%%X&Methodstoenhancelarvalrearinginfishandshellfish.|݌ ` Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude:  c  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&_Nonfarm_Ԅraisedfishandshellfish,gameandfurbearinganimals,andotherwildlife(use  ! KA135)݌ !" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hn2 3      #&H%%X&Geneticstudiestoimprovereproductiveperformance(useKA303)nt݌ l"# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Identificationofgenesthathaveaneffectonreproductionandhowtheyarecontrolledor L#$ regulated(useKA304).݌ ,$|% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   !      !  !1݌̌     KA302.NutrientUtilizationinAnimals  %"!'   Workinthisareafocusesoneffortstoenhancetheefficiencyofnutrientutilizationforimproving x'") animalproductivity,includingmolecularandcellularbiologyofnutrientutilization,digestion, K(#* metabolicprocesses,andfeedprocessingtechnology. )n$+   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: *&-   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Digestionandmetabolism݌ j,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Nutrientsrequiredforspecificlifeprocessesandlongevity݌ J-(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Hormoneandnutrientinteractionsformaintenance,growth,lactation,andother  productivityfunctions݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H)2 3      #&H%%X&Compositionandbiologicalavailabilityofnutrientsofanimalfeed)/݌ c Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HQ2 3      #&H%%X&EffectsofprocessingandfeedingsystemonnutritivevaluesofanimalfeedQW݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Alternatesourcesofnutrients,includingforagesandagriculturalbyproducts.݌ #s Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude:  & / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Reductionofwastecarcassfatandproportionoflowmeatyieldcuts(useKA308). ݌ |  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA303.GeneticImprovementofAnimals  /     Workinthisareafocusesonimprovingproductionefficiencyofagriculturallyimportantanimal %  speciesthroughmoreeffectivegeneticimprovementprogramsutilizingthedevelopmentand   applicationofexpandedgeneticinformationandtechnologyencompassingmolecular, {  quantitative,andstatisticalgenetics. N    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: D ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H`2 3      #&H%%X&Estimationofgeneticparameters(e.g.,_heritability_,geneticvariancesand_covariances_,  _heterosis_,andbreedingvalues)`f݌ z Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H12 3      #&H%%X&Selectionstudies17݌ M Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H'2 3      #&H%%X&Breedevaluationstudies'-݌ -} Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H$2 3      #&H%%X&Matingsystems$*݌  ] Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofbreedinggoalsandstrategies݌ = Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H(2 3      #&H%%X&Identificationofgeneticdefects(.݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H.2 3      #&H%%X&Incorporationofmolecularand_genomic_Ԁinformationintoappliedgeneticimprovement  programs.4݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Acquisitionandpreservationofgeneticresources݌ ` Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Maintenanceofgeneticdiversity.݌ @ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: C / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Reductionofwastecarcassfatandproportionoflowmeatyieldcuts(useKA308)݌  ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HD2 3      #&H%%X&Genemappingandfundamentalmoleculargeneticand_genomic_Ԁinformation(useKA y!" 304)DJ݌ Y"# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Geneidentification,regulation,andcontrol(useKA304)݌ ,#|$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Naturalresources_biodiversity_Ԁ(useKA136).݌  $\% Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA304.AnimalGenome  %!'   Workinthisareainvolvestheapplicationofnewdevelopmentsinmolecularbiologytomapand e'") understandthegenomeofagriculturallyimportantanimalspecies. 8(#*   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: ).%, / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Genemapping,includinglinkageandphysicalmapping݌ +&. Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Geneidentification,functionrepetition,andcontrol݌ d,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Geneticengineeringandgenemanipulation݌ D-(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&DNAcloningandsequencing݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&QuantitativeTraitLoci(_QTL_)identificationanddevelopmentofmarkerassistedselection  procedures.݌ p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: f   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Applicationofmarkerassistedselectioninappliedbreedingprograms(useKA303).݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA305.AnimalPhysiologicalProcesses  o    Thisareaincludesworkonthefundamentalphysiologicalprocesseswithintheanimalatthe  e  organismal,organsystem,cellular,andmolecularlevel.  8    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H@2 3      #&H%%X&Chemicalandstructuralorganizationofanimalcellsandtheirspecializedpropertiesand 4  functions,includingenzymaticmachineryandbiochemicalconversions@F݌ d  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Organization,structure,andfunctionoforgansystems,includingendocrine, 7 circulatory/vascular,urinary,nervous,muscular,andskeletalsystems,thesense  organs,thecommonintegumentanditsderivatives,andbodyfluids݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Physiologyofvitallifeprocessesandmechanismsoffunctionandcontrol  ݌ m Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Neural,hormonal,orotherchemicalmessengersthatserveasregulatorsofphysiologic M processesandperformintegrativefunctionsintheanimal  ݌ -} Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H|2 3      #&H%%X&Prenatal,neonatal,andpostnataldevelopmentandgrowthofanimals,includinggenetic P controlmechanismsandaccretion,deposition,anddegradationofproteinsandfatsin 0 animaltissues|݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HD2 3      #&H%%X&Lactationphysiology,includingalveolardevelopmentandinvolution,milksynthesis,  secretionandejection,milkcomposition,andpatternsoflactation.DJ݌ f Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude:  \ / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H$2 3      #&H%%X&Physiologyofreproductionandreproductiveprocesses(useKA301).$*݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA306.EnvironmentalStressinAnimals  e !   Workinthisareainvolvesstressesfromtheeffectsofclimate,handling,andother  "[# environmentalfactorsthatdecreaseproductivity,includingextremesintemperature,humidity, ".$ airmovement,andnoisethatmayleadtolowerreproduction,reducedfeedefficiency,anorexia, #% reduceddiseaseresistance,andincreasedmortality. $&   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: *&z!( ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Environmentalfactorsthatreduceproductivity݌ ' #* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Facilitiesandequipmentthatreduceenvironmentalstress݌ ($+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Managementtechniquesthatenableanimalstoadapttostressconditions.݌ )$, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: ,f'/   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H@ 2 3      #&H%%X&Stressfactorsthataffectreproductiveperformance(useKA301)@ R!݌ - )1 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   _""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H"2 3      #&H%%X&Nonfarmraisedfish,shellfish,gameandfurbearinganimals,andotherwildlife(useKA  135)"#݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H$2 3      #&H%%X&Geneticfactorsofanimalresponseoradaptabilitytoenvironmentalstress(useKA303)$%݌ c Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H'2 3      #&H%%X&Physiologicalresponsestoenvironmentalstress(useKA305)'(݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H4)2 3      #&H%%X&Behavioralresponsestoenvironmentalstress(useKA315).4):*݌ #s Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA307.AnimalManagementSystems   &   Workinthisareafocusesonthedevelopmentandapplicationofmanagementsystems, |  includingcomputertechnology/modelsandanalyticmethods,toimprovemanagement O   decisionsandenhanceanimalproductionsystems. " r    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H/-2 3      #&H%%X&Animalbasedstudiesthatcompareproductionsystemsorsegmentsofproduction n  systems,includingsystemswithemphasisonorganicfarmingorsmallfarms/-5.݌ N  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H/2 3      #&H%%X&Animalbasedstudiesthatemphasizesustainableagriculture/0݌ !q  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H12 3      #&H%%X&Computersimulationmodelsofanimalproductionsystemsthatallowcomparisonsof Q variousalternativemanagementcomponentsanddecisions.12݌ 1 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude:  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H42 3      #&H%%X&Nonfarmraisedfish,shellfish,gameandfurbearinganimals,andotherwildlife(useKA -} 135).45݌  ] Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA308.ImprovedAnimalProducts(BeforeHarvest)   1 E.` hp x (#X(#E    1   K.` hp x (#` X(#KThisareaincludesworktoimprovethecompositionandqualityofanimalproductstoreflect Y consumerpreferences. ,|   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: "   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H892 3      #&H%%X&Physiologyandbiochemistryoffats,proteins,andflavorcomponentsofanimalproducts89J:݌ x  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H;2 3      #&H%%X&Factorsresponsiblefordevelopmentofflavorandothercomponentsofproductquality;<݌ X ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H=2 3      #&H%%X&Reductioninundesiredfatinanimalproducts=>݌ 8!" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H?2 3      #&H%%X&Improvingwool,hides,andothernonfoodanimalproducts?@݌ "h# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HA2 3      #&H%%X&Determinationofconsumerpreferencesandfactorsinfluencingproductacceptability.AB݌ "H$ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: $& / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HrD2 3      #&H%%X&Beesandhoney(useKA211)rDxE݌ Q&!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HrF2 3      #&H%%X&Processingtechniquesforimprovementordevelopmentoffoodandnonfoodproducts 1'") fromanimals(useKA502or511)rFxG݌ (a#* Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HH2 3      #&H%%X&Nutrientcompositionofanimalproducts(useKA701).HI݌ (4$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$      *%-   ANIMALPROTECTION    KA311.AnimalDiseases  V   Thisareaincludesworkonanimaldiseasesthatrepresentathreattotheproductionofan L adequateandwholesomesupplyofanimalproductsfromlivestock,poultry,andfish.    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: u    / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HL2 3      #&H%%X&DiseasemanagementforbiosecuritypurposesLN݌  k  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HO2 3      #&H%%X&ThenatureofcausativeagentsinvolvedinanimaldiseasesOP݌  K  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H0Q2 3      #&H%%X&Mechanismsofdiseaseresistanceandimmunity0Q6R݌  +  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HBS2 3      #&H%%X&Interrelationshipsamongenvironment,genetics,andinfectiousagentsintheetiologyof   diseasesBSHT݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HU2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsofdiagnosis,prevention,treatment,control,anderadicationofdiseases, n  includingdevelopmentofequipmentUV݌ N  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H X2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsforriskassessment,surveillance,andpreventionofforeignanimaldisease !q  threats XY݌ Q Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^Z2 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationofalternativecontrolmethods^Zd[݌ $ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hl\2 3      #&H%%X&Understandingmechanismsinvolvedintransmissionofdiseasestoanimals,including  theroleofvectorssuchasinsects,ticks,andmitesl\r]݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Integratedcontrolsystemsforanimaldiseases.^_݌ g Ќ X$ X(#X(#$     Exclude: j / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H\a2 3      #&H%%X&Disordersduetoimpropernutrition(useKA302)\anb݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H}c2 3      #&H%%X&Disordersresultingfrompollution(useKA133)}cd݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&He2 3      #&H%%X&Bloatanddisordersduetoingestionoftoxicplants,etc.(useKA314)ef݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hg2 3      #&H%%X&Disordersduetoenvironmentalstress(useKA306)gh݌ ` Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hi2 3      #&H%%X&Nonfarmraisedfish,shellfish,gameandfurbearinganimals,andotherwildlife(useKA @ 135).ij݌  p Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA312.ExternalParasitesandPestsofAnimals      Thisareaincludesworkonpestsandexternalparasites,includinginsects,ticks,mites,and l!" otherparasiticorganismsthatreduceanimalproductivity.Thisareaalsoincludesworkonmore ?"# costeffectivemethodsofcontrol. #b$   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: $ &   / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H,n2 3      #&H%%X&Biologyandlifehistoryofpests,n>o݌ ^&!( Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H>p2 3      #&H%%X&Biosystematics/taxonomy>pDq݌ >'") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H:r2 3      #&H%%X&Useanddevelopmentofirradiation,chemosterilants,attractants,repellents,andother (n#* noninsecticidalapproachestoinsectcontrol:r@s݌ (N$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Ht2 3      #&H%%X&Absorption,metabolism,andexcretionofinsecticidesbyinsectsfeedingonorinanimalstu݌ )!%, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hv2 3      #&H%%X&Biologicalcontrolofinsectsvw݌ *&- Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hx2 3      #&H%%X&Thenatureofinsectresistancetochemicalcontrolsxy݌ +&. Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H{2 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationofalternativecontrolmethods{|݌ q,'/ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H}2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofmethodsandequipmentforapplyingorusingcontrolmaterials}%~݌ Q-(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HP2 3      #&H%%X&Integratedcontrolsystemsforexternalparasites.PV݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$     Exclude: c / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Theroleofinsects,mites,andotherarthropodsindiseasetransmission(useKA311)ǂ݌  Y Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Nonfarmraisedfish,shellfish,gameandfurbearinganimals,andotherwildlife(useKA 9 135).݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$     KA313.InternalParasitesinAnimals  o    Thisareaincludesworkoninternalparasitessuchasvariouskindsofworms,flukes,and  e  protozoa.Emphasisisonreducinglosses,includingthoseduetomortality,reducedyieldand  8  condemnationofmeat,feedwastage,andcostofdrugs.     Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: a  / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HW2 3      #&H%%X&BioticrelationshipsinparasitismW]݌ W  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Biosystematics/taxonomy^d݌ 7 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HZ2 3      #&H%%X&BiocontrolandmanagementpracticesthatminimizerelianceonchemicalsZ`݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Safechemicalmeansincludingsystemicsforcombatingparasites݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Effectivemeansofdiagnosingparasiticinfestation݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H’2 3      #&H%%X&Evaluationanddevelopmentofcontrolmethodsandequipment’ȓ݌ g Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Studyofheritabletraits,breeding,andselectiontoimproveresistancetoparasites݌ G Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Integratedcontrolsystemsforinternalparasites."݌ 'w Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: * / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Nonfarmraisedfish,shellfish,gameandfurbearinganimals,andotherwildlife(useKA  135)݌ ` Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H؛2 3      #&H%%X&Insects,ticks,leeches,andmites(useKA312).؛ޜ݌ 3 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   P B+` ` ` hp x (#X(#B KA314.ToxicChemicals,PoisonousPlants,NaturallyOccurringToxins,and 6 ЀOtherHazardsAffectingAnimals     P H.` hp x (#` ` ` X(#H   Thisareafocusesonreductionoflossesinproductivityinlivestock,poultry,andfishoperations _!" duetotoxicchemicals,pesticides,poisonousplants,predators,ingestionofmetalandother 2"# foreignbodies,andotherhazards. #U$   Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: $& / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Determiningthespecificsitesandmechanismsofpoisoning,bloat,andotherdisorders Q&!( tolearnthebasesofthesephenomena ݌ 1'") Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H|2 3      #&H%%X&Toxicologyandsafelevelsofresiduesofpesticidesandotherchemicals,naturalor (T#* synthetic,useddirectlyonoringestedbylivestockandpoultry|݌ (4$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsofreducingingestionofpesticidesorotherchemicalsinoronanimalfeeds ݌ )%, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HC2 3      #&H%%X&Reasonsforinterspeciesdifferencesindetoxificationmechanismsandsensitivityto *%- poisoningbypesticidesandotherchemicalsCI݌ w+&. Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Developinganimalmanagementpracticesthatminimizeuseofpesticidesandother J,'/  chemicalsthatleavetoxicresiduesorthatreducethelevelofresiduesë݌ *-z(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HY2 3      #&H%%X&Preventionoralleviationof"hardwaredisease,"andeffectsofplantsthatcausebloat,   poisoning,ordeformitiesoflivestockY_݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hۯ2 3      #&H%%X&Developingmethodsforcombatingnuclearradiationhazardstolivestockۯ݌ c Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsforreducinganimallossesfrompredators. ݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: F / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hm2 3      #&H%%X&Breedingandselectionoffeedcropsforreducedcontentoftoxiccomponents(useKA   203)ms݌ |  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Pesticidesandothertoxicsubstancesappliedtooringestedbylivestockandpoultry O   whentheemphasisisclearlyonreductionofthetoxiccontentoffoodsconsumedby /   humans(useKA711)ŷ݌ R  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Disordersresultingfrompollution(useKA133)݌ %  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Nonfarmraisedfish,shellfish,gameandfurbearinganimals,andotherwildlife(useKA   135).݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   KA315.AnimalWelfare/WellBeingandProtection  ;    Workinthisareafocusesondevelopingeffectiveanimalcareanduseprograms,and 1 informationrelatedtoandcontributingtothewelfare,wellbeing,andproperstewardshipoffood  animals.    Areasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto: -} / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hɿ2 3      #&H%%X&Fundamentalstudiesrelatedtotheassessmentofanimalwellbeing,including # measuresofadaptationandadaptiveness,measuresofsocialbehaviorandspacing,  physiologicalmeasures,andmeasuresofcognitionandmotivationɿ݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Management/confinementproductionsystemsrelatedtoanimalwelfare/wellbeing݌ Y Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Controlledenvironmentsandenvironmentalfactors,includingtemperature,relative 9 humidity,ventilation,lighting,andsoundrelatedtoanimalwelfare/wellbeing݌ i Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Housingandequipmentdesign;pen/cagedesignanddensities;feeding,watering,and < beddingpracticesrelatedtoanimalwelfare/wellbeing݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Handling,restraint,transport,andhusbandrypractices,suchascastration,taildocking,   debeaking,andothersrelatedtoanimalwelfare/wellbeing ݌  ! Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Humaneslaughter,euthanasia,andanalgesiarelatedtoanimalwelfare/wellbeing݌ R!" Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Behaviorpatternsrelatedtoanimalwelfare/wellbeing݌ 2"# Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Diseasepreventiontechniquesandpractices,includingmanagementpractices,disease #b$ detectionandsurveillance,assessingdiseaserisks,vaccinedevelopment,parasite #B% control,andothersspecificallyrelatedtoanimalwelfare/wellbeing.݌ $ & Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   Exclude: k&!( / /""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H.2 3      #&H%%X&Etiologyofdisease,diseaseagents,internalandexternalparasites,andtoxichazards (a#* (useKA311314).4݌ (A$+ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Geneticsofdiseaseresistance(useKA303or304)݌ )%, Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Productionmanagementsystemsasrelatedtoproductionefficiencyandeconomic *%- viability(useKA307)݌ +&. Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Nonfarmraisedfish,shellfish,gameandfurbearinganimals,andotherwildlife(useKA W,'/  135). ݌ 7-(0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   #XX%#&HX7XX#X    %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  TOPICIV.AGRICULTURAL,NATURALRESOURCE,ANDBIOLOGICAL%݌  Ќ#XXX#XX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  ݀ENGINEERING#&H%X#X %G݌  Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  XI XX7# I | %#XX##XXX#X  X%  #&H%X#X KA401.Structures,Facilities,andGeneralPurposeFarmSupplies%݌ O Ќ#%#&H##  %#XX##XXX#X    %  #&H%X#X%F݌̌#%#&H##  %#XX##XXX#X  %  #&H%X#XWorkincludesthedesign,construction,andcostoffacilitiesforanimals,agriculturalproducts, E agriculturalinputs,equipment,andothermaterials.Thepropertiesandbehaviorofanimals,   products,equipment,andmaterialswhileinvariousfacilitiesandduringtransportorprocessing   isapartofthiswork.%C݌ n  Ќ#%#&H##  %#XX##XXX#X  %m  #&H%X#X%m݌̌#%#&H##  %#XX##XXX#X  %g  #&H%X#XAreasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:%g݌  d  Ќ#%#&H##  %#XX##XXX#X  %  #&H%X#X%݌̌#%#&H##  ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#H#&H%#X&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Engineeringaspectsofdesignandconstructionofstructuresandfacilities݌   Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Physical,chemical,andbiologicalaspectsoftheproductionoffertilizers,pesticides,   feeds,andhormones݌ z  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H^2 3      #&H%%X&Engineeringaspectsofmaterialshandling,transport,landuse,andstorageofcrop, M  forest,andrangeproducts^d݌ -}  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Biological,chemical,andphysicalpropertiesofmaterials݌ P Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Behaviorofchemicalandbiologicalmaterialsinstoragesystems݌ 0 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Determiningcostsandbenefitsofconstructionorengineeredsystems ݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H32 3      #&H%%X&Determiningmaintenanceneedsandcostsofagriculturalsystems39݌  Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HW2 3      #&H%%X&Facilitiesforhandling,processing,andstoringnewfoodandfiberproducts,animal  feeds,forage,andbeddingW]݌ ` Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Structuresandfacilitiesforhousingandhandlinganimals݌ 3 Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   " "  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Facilitiesforhandlingandstoringfuel,fertilizers,pesticides,andotherfarmsupplies݌ c Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Environmentalcontrolofstructuresforanimals,plants,oragriculturalproducts#݌ C Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HS2 3      #&H%%X&Energyconservationrelativetostructuresandfacilities.SY݌ # Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#X% ݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#XExclude:%݌  Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#X%݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:2 3      #&H%%X&Safehandlinganduseofmaterialsandequipment(useKA723)݌ ,| Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   ""  ,H1` hp x (#X(#H  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Facilitiesthatreduceenvironmentalstressinanimals(useKA306). ݌  \ Ќ X$ X(#X(#$   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7   ,  H1` hp x (#X(#H%b   #&H%X#X %b + ݌ <  Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7   ,  %   #&H%X#XKA402.EngineeringSystemsandEquipment% d ݌  ! Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7    %I  #&H%X#X%I݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %R  #&H%X#XThisworkincludesmechanizationtoincreaseefficiencyanddecreaselaborrequirementsin e"# agriculturalandforestryproductionsuchas:grain,fruitandvegetablecrops,timber,livestock, 8#$ poultry,fish,andotheranimals.Thisincludesmachineryandpowerunitsforthepre-and  $[% post-harvestofvariousanimalandplantproducts.%R݌ $. & Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#X%@݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#XAreasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:%:݌ &!( Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#X%u݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:2 3      #&H%%X&Tillage,planting,chemicalapplication,andharvestingsystemsforagriculturaland *(z#* rangesystemsM݌  )Z$+ Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Harvestingsystemsforforestry,includingroads,transportation,andaccessforin-woods )-%, processing݌ * &- Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Systemsforestablishmentandregenerationofcrop,forest,andrangesystems݌ +&.  X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HZ2 3      #&H%%X&HandlingmethodsforanimalsandanimalproductsZf݌ p,'/ Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H{2 3      #&H%%X&Designandevaluationofequipmentusedinproductionofagricultural,forest,andrange   systems{݌  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Applicationofsensorsandrobotics !݌ c Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H"2 3      #&H%%X&Applicationofpesticidesandcropnutrients" $݌ C Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H%2 3      #&H%%X&Energyconservationrelativetosystemsandequipment.%'&݌ #s Ќ X*X(#X(#*   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7  %'  #&H%X#X%''݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %z(  #&H%X#XExclude:%z((݌  & Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %)  #&H%X#X%))݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:*2 3      #&H%%X&Structuresandfacilities(useKA401)*+݌ |  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H,2 3      #&H%%X&Irrigationanddrainagesystems(useKA405),-݌ \   Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H.2 3      #&H%%X&Safetyofhumans(useKA723)./݌ <   Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H02 3      #&H%%X&Equipmentthatreducesenvironmentalstressinanimals(useKA306)01݌ l  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H32 3      #&H%%X&Foodbioengineeringandfoodprocessengineering(useKA501).3+4݌ L  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7    %5  #&H%X#X%55݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7    %6  #&H%X#X KA403.WasteDisposal,Recycling,andReuse %66݌   Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7    %7  #&H%X#X%7E8݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %8  #&H%X#XWorkinthisareaincludesallaspectsofcollecting,storing,transporting,treating,recycling,and U  utilizingwasteproductsfromagriculture,forestry,andotherorigins.Thedevelopmentof (x value-addedoralternativeproductsfromwasteproductsisincluded.%8?9݌ K Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %!;  #&H%X#X%!;z;݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %<  #&H%X#XAreasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:%<t<݌  Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %V=  #&H%X#X%V==݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  ""  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:P>2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsofcollecting,storing,moving,treating,anddisposingofanimal,plant,food G processing,municipal,andindustrialwastesP>?݌ 'w Ќ X*X(#X(#*   " "  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HA2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofproductsfromwastematerials,includingbiofuelsAB݌ J Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "!"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H4C2 3      #&H%%X&Engineeringandanalysisofprojectedandexistingwastedisposalsystemsand * pesticidecontainers4C@D݌   Ќ X*X(#X(#*   """  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HE2 3      #&H%%X&Recyclingpre-andpost-consumerwastesEF݌  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "#"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HG2 3      #&H%%X&Improvedmethodsformitigatingenvironmentalimpactsandbiosecurityrisksfrom m agricultural,forestry,municipal,andindustrialwastes.GH݌ M Ќ X*X(#X(#*   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7  %J  #&H%X#X%JJ݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %zK  #&H%X#XExclude:%zKK݌ C Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %L  #&H%X#XԀ%LL݌   Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  "$"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:M2 3      #&H%%X&Pollutionpreventionandmitigationofsoilandwaterresources(useKA133)MN݌  ! Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "%"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HO2 3      #&H%%X&Pollutionpreventionandmitigationofairresources(useKA141)OQ݌ y!" Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "&"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H-R2 3      #&H%%X&Firstuseofunder-utilizedco-products(useKA502or511).-R9S݌ Y"# Ќ X*X(#X(#*   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7    %T  #&H%X#X%TT݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7    %U  #&H%X#X KA404.InstrumentationandControlSystems%UV݌  $\% Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7    %V  #&H%X#X%VLW݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %W  #&H%X#XThisworkincludesinstrumentationandinformationsystemsthatareimportantelementsinall %!' aspectsofpre-andpost-productionagriculture.Sensorsfordetecting,monitoring,and &!( processingofcollecteddataandthosethatcanprovideimprovedcontroloftheproductionand X'") processingofbiologicalmaterials,non-biologicalmaterials,andbiohazardsareincludedinthis +({#* area.%WIX݌ (N$+ Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %Z  #&H%X#X%Z#[݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %[  #&H%X#XAreasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:%[\݌ *%- Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %\  #&H%X#X%\X]݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  "'"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:]2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofinstruments,technologies,andproceduresthatenhanceagricultural J,'/ efforts]0_݌ *-z(0 Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "("  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H`2 3      #&H%%X&Determiningaccurateandprecisestandardsofmeasurement`a݌ -M)1 Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ")"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hb2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofsensors,imageprocessingtechniques,automation,decisionsupport  systems,controls,andmodelsbc݌  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "*"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H!e2 3      #&H%%X&Developmentofglobalimagingsystemsandglobalpositioningsystems(GPS)to c enhanceagriculturalefforts.!e-f݌ C Ќ X*X(#X(#*   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N%g  #&H%X#X%gh݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  ,%%i  #&H%X#XExclude:%%ii݌ 9 Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %Ij  #&H%X#XԀ%Ijj݌   Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  "+"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:Xk2 3      #&H%%X&Experimentaldesignandstatistics(useKA901).Xkl݌   Ќ X*X(#X(#*   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7    %m  #&H%X#X%m;n݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7    %n  #&H%X#X KA405.DrainageandIrrigationSystemsandFacilities%nAo݌ B   Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7   ,  N1` hp x (#X(#N%0p  #&H%X#X%0pp݌  e  Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7   ,%q  #&H%X#XWatermanagement,toincludesurfaceandsubsurfacedrainageandallirrigationsystems,is  8  partofthiswork.Equipment,systemdesign,theory,modeling,installation,operation,and   maintenanceofdrainageandirrigationsystemsformoreefficientuseofland,water,andcapital   resourcesareincluded.%q,r݌ a  Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %Nt  #&H%X#X%Ntt݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %Hu  #&H%X#XAreasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:%Huu݌ W  Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %v  #&H%X#X%vv݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  ","  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:}w2 3      #&H%%X&Theoryofwaterflowformoreefficientwatermanagementsystemdesign}wx݌  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "-"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hy2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsofautomatingwatermanagementsystemstoreducelaborandincrease  efficiencyyz݌ m Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "."  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H:|2 3      #&H%%X&Newconceptsandimproveddesignofdrainagesystemsformoreefficientproduction @ andenvironmentalimprovement:|F}݌  p Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "/"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H~2 3      #&H%%X&Newmaterials,systems,equipment,andinstallationtechniquestoreduceconstruction C andmaintenancecostsofdrainageandirrigationsystems~݌ # Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "0"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HB2 3      #&H%%X&UseofsolarenergyandairturbulencetospeeddryingofpoorlydrainedsoilsBN݌  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "1"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsforcombiningirrigation,drainage,andtailwaterreturnflowsystemstoincrease  efficiencyofwaterandsystemuse݌ f Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "2"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Improveddesignofwatermanagementsystemstoreduceplanningandconstruction 9 costsandassurepublicsafety݌ i Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "3"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hu2 3      #&H%%X&Methodsfordeterminingirrigationwaterrequirementsgivingconsiderationtowateruse < byplants,effectiverainfall,andwaterlossesduringandfollowingapplicationu݌  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "4"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H"2 3      #&H%%X&Equipmentforuniformdistributionofirrigationwaterwithparticularemphaseson   overheadandsubsurfacesystems".݌  ! Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "5"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Improvedtechnologytomeasureandcontrollossesofagrochemicalsfromirrigated R!" lands.݌ 2"# Ќ X*X(#X(#*   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7  %4  #&H%X#X%4݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %.  #&H%X#XExclude:%.݌ #(% Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %D  #&H%X#X%D݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  "6"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:>2 3      #&H%%X&Drainagerelatedtocontrollingsalinity(useKA103).>i݌ ~% ' Ќ X*X(#X(#*   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7  ,  N1` hp x (#X(#N%•  #&H%X#X%•݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X   1'") %X7XXX7#XXXX7  ,  %9  TOPICV.FOODANDNON-FOODPRODUCTS:DEVELOPMENT,%9݌  Ќ#XXX#XX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %x  ݀PROCESSING,QUALITY,ANDDELIVERY%xј݌  Ќ#XXX#XX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#X%݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#XFOOD%݌ O Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#X%݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#XKA501.NewandImprovedFoodProcessingTechnologies%݌ E Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7    %  #&H%X#X%I݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#XWorkinthisareafocusesondevelopmentorimprovementofmethods,techniques,or   processestomaintainorimprovequalityorfunctionality,stabilizeorpreservefoods,orprepare n  foodsforfurtherprocessing.%F݌ A   Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#X%O݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#XAreasofworkincludebutarenotlimitedto:%I݌  7  Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %+  #&H%X#X%+݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  "7"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,  H+ ` hp x (#X(#H&:%XX7X&%%&:%2 3      #&H%%X&Foodphysicalprocesses(i.e.,thermalandnon-thermalpasteurization/preservation,   sizereduction,separation,concentration)%\݌ m  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "8"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HԦ2 3      #&H%%X&Foodbioprocesses(i.e.,enzymeandmicrobialapplications,fermentation,genetic @  engineeringoffoodsandfoodingredients)Ԧ݌  p  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "9"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H[2 3      #&H%%X&Foodchemicalprocesses(i.e.,salt,sugar,acid,preservatives,colorants,antioxidants, C chemicalmodification)[g݌ # Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ":"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HЫ2 3      #&H%%X&Foodprocessingefficiencies(i.e.,managementofenergy,water,wastes)Ыܬ݌  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ";"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H 2 3      #&H%%X&Improvedornewfoodpackagingtechnologies ݌  Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "<"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H%2 3      #&H%%X&Foodprocessmodeling,automation,andsensors%1݌ f Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "="  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&HD2 3      #&H%%X&ProcessingtechnologiesfornewfoodusesofagriculturalproductsDP݌ F Ќ X*X(#X(#*   ">"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&Hw2 3      #&H%%X&Foodbioengineeringandfoodprocessengineeringw݌ &v Ќ X*X(#X(#*   "?"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x (#X(#HX&%%#&H2 3      #&H%%X&Maintainingorenhancingbioactivecomponentsinfoodandfoodingredients.݌ V Ќ X*X(#X(#*   #XX%#&HX7XX#X%X7XXX7#XXXX7  %  #&H%X#X%k݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %   #&H%X#XExclude:% e݌   Ќ#XX%#&HX7XX#X  %X7XXX7#XXXX7  %"  #&H%X#X%"{݌̌#XX%#&HX7XX#X  "@"  ,N1` hp x (#X(#N  X,H+ ` hp x